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STP 1476Pendulum Impact Machines:Procedures and SpecimensThomas Siewert,Michael Manahan,and Christopher McCowan,editorsASTM Stock Number:STP1476ASTM International100 Barr Harbor DrivePO Box C700West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataPendulum impact machines:procedures and specimens/Thomas Siewert,Michael Manahan,and Christopher McCowan,editors.p.cm.(STP 1476)ISBN 0-8031-3402-9ISBN 978-0-8031-3402-71.ImpactTestingEquipment and supplies.2.Pendulum.3.Notchedbar testingEquipment and supplies.I.Siewert,T.A.II.Manahan,Michael P.,1953 III.McCowan,C.N.(Christopher N.).IV.Series:ASTM special technical publication;1476.TA418.34.P46 2006620.1125dc222006016951Copyright 2006 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,inwhole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,orthe internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by theAmerican Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM)provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ Review PolicyEach paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technicaleditor(s)and the ASTM International Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors andthe technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standing publica-tion practices,ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTMInternational Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contri-bution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.Printed in(to come)Month,2006(to come)ForewordThis publication consists primarily of the papers presented at the Second Symposium on PendulumImpact Machines:Procedures and Specimens,sponsored by ASTM Committee E28 on MechanicalTesting and its Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Testing.The Symposium was held on November 10,2004 in Washington,D.C.,in conjunction with the standards development meetings of Committee E-28.The Symposium was organized to commemorate the development of and rapid advancement ofinstrumented impact testing about 100 years ago,and to discuss some current issues.This book includes the nine papers presented at the Symposium and another one submitted onlyfor the proceedings(with lead author Vigliotti).The papers are organized into four sections by topic:Historical Developments in Impact Testing,Impact Test Procedures and Machine Effects,ReferenceSpecimens,and Issues with Instrumented Strikers.The symposium was chaired jointly by TomSiewert and Chris McCowan,of the National Institute of Standards and Technology,and Michael P.Manahan,Sr.,of MPM Technologies,Inc.iiiContents OverviewSESSION I:HISTORICALDEVELOPMENTS INIMPACTTESTINGThe History of Instrumented Impact TestingM.P.MANAHAN,SR.ANDT.A.SIEWERT3The Development of Procedures for Charpy Impact TestingT.A.SIEWERT ANDC.N.MCCOWAN12SESSION II:IMPACTTESTPROCEDURES ANDMACHINEEFFECTSEffects of Removing and Replacing an 8-mm Charpy Striker on Absorbed EnergyD.P.VIGLIOTTI AND J.L.VIGLIOTTI25SESSION III:REFERENCESPECIMENSInternational Comparison of Impact Reference Materials(2004)C.MCCOWAN,G.ROEBBEN,Y.YAMAGUCHI,S.LEFRANOIS,J.SPLETT,S.TAKAGI,AND A.LAMBERTY31Certification of Charpy V-Notch Reference Test Pieces at IRMMG.ROEBBEN,A.LAMBERTY,AND J.PAUWELS40Uncertainty Analyses on Reference Values of Charpy Impact Test SpecimensS.TAKAGI,Y.YAMAGUCHI,AND T.USUDA49Analysis of Charpy Impact Verification Data:19932003J.D.SPLETT AND C.N.MCCOWAN62Reference Impact Specimens Made from Low Carbon Steel:Report on Productionand UseL.HEPING AND Z.XING78Impact Characterization of Sub-Size Charpy V-Notch Specimens Prepared from Full-size Certified Reference Charpy V-Notch Test PiecesE.LUCON,J.L.PUZZOLANTE,G.ROEBBEN,AND A.LAMBERTY84vSESSION IV:ISSUES WITHINSTRUMENTEDSTRIKERSDifferent Approaches for the Verification of Force Values Measured with Instrumented Charpy StrikersE.LUCON,R.CHAOUADI,ANDE.VAN WALLE95viCONTENTSOverviewIn the past,ASTM Subcommittee E28.07(and its predecessor,E-1.7)has sponsored seven symposiaon impact testing,published in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting(1922),Proceedingsof the Forty-First Annual Meeting(1938),STP 176(1956),STP 466(1970),STP 1072(1990),STP1248(1995),and STP 1380(1999).These symposia covered a broad range of topics and occurredrather infrequently,at least until 1990.The period before 1990 might be characterized as one in whichthe Char