_STP_1361-1999.pdf

STP 1361 Advances in the Production and Use of Steel with Improved Internal Cleanliness John K.Mahaney,Jr.,editor ASTM Stock#:STP1361 ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Pdnted in the U.S.A Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Advances in the production and use of steel with improved internal cleanliness/John K.Mahaney,Jr.,editor.(STP:1361)ASTM stock#:STP1361.Papers from a symposium held in Atlanta,Ga.,May 4-7,1998.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-2605-0 1.Steel-Inclusions.2.Steel-Refining.3.Steel castings.I.Mahaney,John K.,1941-.II.Series:ASTM special technical publication;1361.TS300.A34 1999 672.2.-dc21 99-13369 CIP Copyright?9 1999 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copy-right Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01023;Tel:508-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and the editor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long standing publication practices,ASTM maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in January 1999 Foreword This publication,Advances in the Production and Use of Steel With lmproved lnternal Cleanliness,contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Atlanta,Georgia,on May 4,1998.The Symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys.The symposium chairman was John K.Mahaney,Jr.,LTV Steel.Contents Overview vii Clean Engineered Steels-Progress at the End of the Twentieth Century-JAMES A.ECKEL,PEIER C.GLAWS,JERRY O.WOLFE,AND BONNIE J.ZORC Rolling Bearing Life Models and Steel Internal Cleanliness-JoHN BESWICK,ANTONIO GABII.I.T,STATHIS IOANNIDES,JOHN H.TRIPP,AND AAT P.VOSKAblP Improving Production,Control,and Properties of Bearing Steels Intended for Demanding ApplicationS-THOSE B.LUND AND L.J.PATRIK OLUND Microstruetural Features of Implant Quality 316L Stainless Steel-JOHN A.DISEGI AND LYLE D.ZARDIACKAS A Review and Update of Advancements in Clean Cast Steel Technology-MALCOLM BLAIR,RAYMOND W.MONROE,AND JOHN A.GRIFFIN Clean Steel Technology-Fundamental to the Development of High Performance Steels-ALEXANDER D.WILSON Sulfur Content of Carbon Steel Plate Material for Dished End Manufacture by Cold Spinning-TAMAL DUTTA,RAIESH G.CHANDAWALE,AND S.A.VANCHINATH 12 32 49 57 73 89 Overview As ASTM Committee A-I reached I00 years of service to industry,consumers,and the govern-ment,the Committee wanted to reflect on the status of a major source of problems in steel.From earliest times,the presence of nonmetallic inclusions has been a major source of problems and failures.Failures due to inclusions have been seen in major structures and boilers as well as the inability to successfully form material into usable shapes and parts.The Committee sought to determine the status of the state of the art of inclusion identification and prevention,as well as the relative status of different parts of the industry in the attempt to produce material with improved internal cleanliness.The papers presented in this book cover areas from bearing steels to castings.The various authors clearly show that level of inclusion identification and control through processing improvements is greatly dependent upon the sector of the industry.The level of inclusions desired in bearings is several orders of magnitude from the majority of the casting industry.At the same time,manufactur-ing methods such as continuous casting and other tonnage industry methods are not available in the discrete steel and iron casting segments of the metal melting industry.The papers in the Special Technical Publication show the state of the art in inclusion identification,prevention,and understanding of the deleterious effects of those inclusions.Products covered include bearing steels,high-strength plates,steel castings,stainless steel medical implants,and test methods to determine the presence and effect of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel products.The papers emphasize the effect on the products rather