_STP_538-1973.pdf

Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.CLEANING STAINLESS STEEL A symposium presented by Committee A-1 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys,and Committee D-12 on Soaps and Other Detergents,AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Cleveland,Ohio,17-19 Oct.1972 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 538 E.S.Kopecki,symposium chairman List price$18.00 04-538000-02 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1973 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:73-80188 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Tallahassee,Fla.October 1973 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The symposium on Cleaning Stainless Steel was presented 17-19 October 1972,in Cleveland,Ohio,and was sponsored by Committee A-1 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys,and Committee D-12 on Soaps and Other Detergents.E.S.Kopecki,Committee of Stainless Steel Producers of the American Iron and Steel Institute,presided as the symposium chairman.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Stainless Steel for Architectural Use,STP 454(1969),$9.75,04-454000-02 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction 1 Standard Recommended Practice for Cleaning and Descaling Stainless Steel Parts,Equipment,and Systems 3 Scope 3 Applicable Documents 4 Design 4 Precleaning 4 Descaling 4 Cleaning 5 Inspection After Cleaning 9 Precautions 11 Alkaline Cleaning of Stainless Steel:An OverviewR.A.RAUSCHER 17 Applications of Alkali Bases 17 Composition of Cleaners 18 pH Levels 19 Rinsing 19 Disposal Problems 20 Cost Factors 22 Conclusions 22 CleaningStainlessSteel with Alkaline SolutionsR.K.BRANDT ANDM.J.BACH 23 Soils 24 Cleaners 24 Laboratory Testing 27 Control Methods 27 Water 28 Rinsing 29 Handling and Safety 29 Disposal 30 Summary 30 Solvent CleanersWhere and How to Use ThemM.z.POLIAKOFF 33 What Is the Composition of Solvent Cleaners?33 Where Are Solvent Cleaners Used?37 How Are Cleaning Solvents Used?39 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.How Can Solvent Cleaners Be Used Safely?40 Conclusions 42 Role of Organic Acids in Cleaning Stainless Steelsw.J.BLUME 43 Properties 43 Applications 44 Conclusions 52 Selection of a Proper Vapor Degreasing SolventW.L.ARCHER 54 Environmental Concerns 55 Occupational Safety and Health Act 57 Requirements of a Vapor Degreasing Solvent 59 Worker Safety 61 Degreaser Operating Procedures 62 Summary 63 Stability of Trichlorotrifluoroethane-Stainless Steel Systems R.A.GoRSKi 65 Objective 65 Test and Evaluation Methods 67 Experimental Procedure and Results of Sealed-Tube Tests 68 Experimental Procedure and Results of U-Bend Tests 69 Summary 75 Conclusion 75 Acid Cleaning of Stainless SteelW.J.ROBERTS 77 What Is Acid Cleaning?77 Why Acid Clean Stainless Steel?77 General Chemistry of Acid Cleaning 79 Acid Cleaners 80 Applied Acid Cleaning 81 Acid Cleaning Pre-Treatments(Before)81 Acid Cleaning Post-Treatments(After)85 Conclusion 89 Passivation Treatments for Resulfurized,Free Machining Stainless Steels MICHAEL HENTHORNE AND R.J.YINGER 90 The Passivation Treatment Itself 92 Effect of Passivation on Corrosion Resistance 94 Discussion of Passivation Effects 96 Dissolution of Tool Steels in Passivation Solutions 103 New Molten Salt Systems for Cleaning Stainless Steels R.H.SHOEMAKER 106 Scale Removal 106 pickling Acids 107 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:11:18 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Mechanical Methods 107 Salt Bath Conditioning and Cleaning 108 Reactions of Molten Salts 109 Salt Bath Equipment 110 Future Continuous Anneal and Pickle 116 Conclusion 117 Anodic Treatment Improves Surface Properties of Stainless Steel JANE SoRENSEN AND GEORGE SHEPARD 118 Effect of