_STP_369-1965.pdf

ADVANCES IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF STAINLESS STEELS AND RELATED ALLOYS A compilation of papers presented at four symposiums:Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys,sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials,Atlantic City,NJ.,June,1963;Recent Advances in the Metallurgy of Stainless Steels,sponsored by the Metal-lurgical Society of the American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical,and Petro-leum Engineers,Cleveland,Ohio,October,1963;and Stress Corrosion Cracking and Evaluation Tests for Stainless Steels,sponsored by the National Associa-tion of Corrosion Engineers in collaboration with The Electrochemical Society,New York,N.Y.,March,1963.Reg.U.S.Pat.Off.ASTM Special Technical Publication No.j6g Price$21.50;to ASTM,NACE,AIME,and ECS members Si5.00 Published by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St.,Philadelphia 3,Pa.BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND AIATERIALS 1965 Library of Congress Catalog Card Xumber:65-19685 Printed in Baltimore,Md.April,1965 F O R E W O R D During 1963 the American Society for Testing and Materials;the Metallurgical Society of the American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical,and Petroleum Engineers;and The Electrochemical Society and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers,organized symposia dealing with several aspects of the technology of stainless steels.Members of these organizations who were concerned with these activities decided that it would be advantageous to those interested in stainless steels if the papers presented at these meetings could be combined in a single pubhcation for convenient future refer-ence.They formed an Intersociety Co-ordinating Committee to accomphsh this.With the collaboration of the authors of the several papers,the participating societies,and particularly the American Societ-for Testing and Materials which undertook publi-cation of the papers in this volume,the desired consolidation of papers from the several societies has been achieved.The symposia in which the several papers originated were as follows:(1)symposium on Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys,Atlantic City,N.J.,June,1963,Sponsored by ASTM Committee A-10,M.A.Cordovi,chairman;(2)sym-posium on Stress Corrosion Cracking,H.L.Logan,E.H.Phelps,and H.R.Copson,co-chairmen,and symposium on Evaluation Tests for Stainless Steels,R.B.Mears,chairman.Second International Congress on Metallic Corrosion Sponsored by NACE in collaboration with The Electrochemical Soc,New York,N.Y.,March,1963;and(3)symposium on Recent Advances in the Metallurgy of Stainless Steels,Cleveland,Ohio,October,1963,sponsored by the Metallurgical Society of AIME,E.J.Dulis and L.R.Scharfstein,co-chairmen.The task force concerned with this activity wishes to express its thanks to all who have co-operated in this venture.It is hoped that the results of this effort will be well received by those in whose interests it was undertaken and that its success will prompt similar future action in consoHdating information from several sources in single publica-tions for more convenient reference.The Intersociety Co-ordinating Committee consisted of M.A.Cordovi,ASTM;E.J.Duhs,AIME;R.B.Mears,NACE;and E.H.Phelps,ECS,with F.L.LaQue,chairman.NOTEThe Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.CONTENTS Advances In the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys PAGE Effects of Vacuum Melting and Vacuum Annealing on tlie Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels D.B.Roach,W.B.Lefiingwell,and A.M.Hall 1 Effects of Austrolling on the Properties of Crucible 422 Stainless SteelR.C.VVestgren and E.J.Dulis 8 Discussion 16 High-Strength Stainless Steel by Deformation and Low TemperaturesS.Floreen and J.R.Mihalisin 17 The Mechanisms of Deformation and Work Hardening in AISI Type 301 Stainless SteelW.F.Barclay 26 Practical Aspects of Production Bright Annealing of Stainless SteelR.C.Boyer and R.J.Perrine.30 AdvancementsinExtrusion and Cold Finishing of Stainless Steel and Irregular ShapesJ.J.Barrett.36 New Martensitic Age Hardening Stainless SteelsG.N.Aggen,C.M.Hammond,and R.A.Lula.40 Discussion 46 The Development of New High-Strength Stainless SteelsC.M.Hammond 47 Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of a High-Strength Chromium-Manganese-Nitro-gen Stainless SteelJ.J.Heger 54 Discussion 61 Metallurgy of a Columbium-Hardened Nickel-Chromium-Iron AlloyH.L.Eiselstein 62 Discussion 78 Properties of 12 Per Cent Chromium Alloys Modified with Small Columbium AdditionsH.Tanczyn 80 Discussion 87 A High-Strength Weldable Stainless Steel for Elevated-Temperature ServiceF.C.Hull 88 Discussion 98 Creep-Rupture Properties of Stainless Steels at 1600,1800,and 2000 FK.G.Brickner,G.A.Ratz,and R.F.Domagal 99 The Effects of Neutron Exposure and Reactor Environments on Stainless SteelsS.H.Bush and J.C.Tobin 112 Evaluation and Application of Stainless Steels in Cryogenic EnvironmentsA.Hurlich and W.G.Scheck 127 Experience