_MNL_50-2005.pdf

Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions First Edition M.R.Riazi Professor of Chemical Engineering Kuwait University P.O.Box 5969 Safat 13060,Kuwait riazikuc01.kuniv.edu.kw ASTM Stock Number:MNL50 ASTM 100 Barr Harbor West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riazi,M.-R.Characterization and properties of petroleum fractions/M.-R.Riazi-1 st ed.p.cm.-(ASTM manual series:MNL50)ASTM stock number:MNL50 Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-3361-8 1.Characterization.2.Physical property estimation.3.Petroleum fractions-crude oils.TP691.R64 2005 666.5-dc22 2004059586 Copyright?9 2005 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:508-750-8400;online:http:/ publication does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this publication to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Printed in Philadelphia,PA January 2005 To Shiva,Touraj,and Nazly Contents Foreword Preface Chapter 1-Introduction Nomenclature 1.1 Nature of Petroleum Fluids 1.1.1 Hydrocarbons 1.1.2 Reservoir Fluids and Crude Oil 1.1.3 Petroleum Fractions and Products 1.2 Types and Importance of Physical Properties 1.3 Importance of Petroleum Fluids Characterization 1.4 Organization of the Book 1.5 Specific Features of this Manual 1.5.1 Introduction of Some Existing Books 1.5.2 Special Features of the Book 1.6 Applications of the Book 1.6.1 Applications in Petroleum Processing(Downstream)1.6.2 Applications in Petroleum Production(Upstream)1.6.3 Applications in Academia 1.6.4 Other Applications 1.7 Definition of Units and the Conversion Factors 1.7.1 Importance and Types of Units 1.7.2 Fundamental Units and Prefixes 1.7.3 Units of Mass 1.7.4 Units of Length 1.7.5 Units of Time 1.7.6 Units of Force 1.7.7 Units of Moles 1.7.8 Units of Molecular Weight 1.7.9 Units of Pressure 1.7.10 Units of Temperature 1.7.11 Units of Volume,Specific Volume,and Molar Volume-The Standard Conditions 1.7.12 Units of Volumetric and Mass Flow Rates 1.7.13 Units of Density and Molar Density 1.7.14 Units of Specific Gravity 1.7.15 Units of Composition 1.7.16 Units of Energy and Specific Energy 1.7.17 Units of Specific Energy per Degrees 1.7.18 Units of Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity 1.7.19 Units of Thermal Conductivity 1.7.20 Units of Diffusion Coefficients 1.7.21 Units of Surface Tension 1.7.22 Units of Solubility Parameter 1.7.23 Units of Gas-to-Oil Ratio vii xvii xix 1 1 1 3 5 7 10 12 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 viii CONTENTS 1.7.24 Values of Universal Constants 1.7.24.1 Gas Constant 1.7.24.2 Other Numerical Constants 1.7.25 Special Units for the Rates and Amounts of Oil and Gas 1.8 Problems References 24 24 24 24 26 27 Chapter 2-Characterization and Properties of Pure Hydrocarbons Nomenclature 2.1 Definition of Basic Properties 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.1.10 2.1.11 2.1.12 2.1.13 2.1.14 2.1.15 2.1.16 2.1.17 Molecular Weight Boiling Point Density,Specific Gravity,and API Gravity Refractive Index Critical Constants(Tc,Pc,Vc,Zc)Acentric Factor Vapor Pressure Kinematic Viscosity Freezing and Melting Points Flash Point Autoignition Temperature Flammability Range Octane Number Aniline Point Watson K Refractivity Intercept Viscosity Gravity Constant 2.1.18 Carbon-to-Hydrogen Weight Ratio 2.2 Data on Basic Properties of Selected Pure Hydrocarbons 2.2.1 Sources of Data 2.2.2 Properties of Selected Pure Compounds 2.2.3 Additional Data on Properties of Heavy Hydrocarbons 2.3 Characterization of Hydrocarbons 2.3.1 Development of a Generalized Correlation for Hydrocarbon Properties 2.3.2 Various Characterization Parameters for Hydrocarbon Systems 2.3.3 Prediction of Properties of Heavy Pure Hydrocarbons 2.3.4 Extension of Proposed Correlations to Nonhydrocarbon Systems 2.4 Prediction of Molecular Weight,Boiling Point,and Specific Gravity 2.4.1 Prediction of Molecular Weight 2.4.1.1 Riazi-Daubert Methods 2.4.1.2 ASTM Method 2.4.1.3 API Methods 2.4.1.4 Lee-Kesler Method 2.4.1.5 Goossens Correlation 2.4.1.6 Other Methods 30 30 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 45 45 48 50 54 55 55 55 56 56