_STP_1399-2000.pdf

STP 1399 Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments Sheldon W.Dean,Guillermo Hernandez-Duque Delgadillo,and James B.Bushman,editors ASTM Stock Number:STP1399 ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marine corrosion in tropical environments/Sheldon W.Dean,Guillermo Hernandez-Duque Delgadillo,and James B.Bushman,editors.p.cm.-(STP;1399)ASTM Stock Number:STP1399 Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-2873-8 1.Corrosion and anti-corrosives.2.Seawater corrosion.3.Concrete-Corrosion.I.Dean,S.W.,1935-I1.Hemandez-Duque Delgadillo,Guillermo,1961-III.Bushman,James B.,1939-TA462.M364 2000 620.1 1223-dc21 00-060556 Copyright?9 2000 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one edi-tor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as possible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standing publication practices,ASTM maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Chelsea,MI September 2000 Foreword This publication,Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments,contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Orlando,Florida,on 13 November 2000.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals,in cooperation with NACE International and the University of Mayab,Merida,Yucatan,Mexico.Sheldon W.Dean,Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.,Guillermo Hernandez-Duque Delgadillo,Univ-ersidad del Mayab,and James B.Bushman,Bushman&Associates,presided as symposium chairmen and are editors of this publication.Ann Chidester Van Orden 1954 to 1998 Dedication This volume is dedicated as a memorial to our friend and colleague-Ann Chidester Van Orden,Professor,Old Dominion University,Norfolk,Virginia,who passed away on 14 Oc-tober 1998.Ann was a talented teacher,enthusiastic leader,and thorough researcher who gave tire-lessly to those with whom she worked.She was a member of ASTM Committee G01 for years,and chaired the G01.99 standing subcommittee on Liaison with other Corrosion-related Organizations.She also was the vice chair for G01.11,subcommittee on Electrochemical Methods of Corrosion Testing and the task group on Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Aluminum Alloys.She also was vice chair of the ASTM symposium on Electrochemical Modeling of Corrosion.Ann served on the ASTM Sam Tour Award Selection Committee.She was awarded the ASTM Committee G01 Certificate of Appreciation in 1993 for her many contributions to the committee and to electrochemical corrosion technology.Ann is a co-author of a paper in this STE Ann was also very active in NACE International,serving as vice chair for two symposia and chairing five others on a range of topics from the use of computers in corrosion control,v electrochemical methods of corrosion testing,and atmospheric corrosion.Ann authored more than thirty technical papers and twelve technical reports.She supported two graduate student research projects and advised twenty undergraduate student research projects.She received the NBS Outstanding Performance Award in 1980,1984,and 1986 and the NASA Special Accomplishment Award in 1992.Beyond these and many other accomplishments,Ann was a very special person who brightened the lives of all whom she encountered.Her enthusiasm made difficult tasks easy and her joy in living shone through the most troubling times.Though she will be sorely missed as we move forward,the energy and creativity of her life will stand as a beacon illuminating our progress.Contents Overview ix ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Reference Metals in Tropical Climates of Latin-America-L.MARIACA-RODRIGUEZ,E.ALMEIDA,A.DE BOSQUEZ,A.CABEZAS,J.FERNANDO-ALVAREZ,G.JOSEPH,M.MARROCOS,M.MORCILL