ASTM_F_2711_-_08_2012.pdf

Designation:F271108(Reapproved 2012)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forBicycle Frames1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2711;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods establish procedures for conductingtests to determine the structural performance properties ofbicycle frames.1.2 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining the following performance properties:1.2.1 Frame FatigueHorizontal Loading,1.2.2 Frame FatigueVertical Loading,and1.2.3 Frame Impact Strength.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bicycle,ntwo-wheeled,single track,articulated ve-hicle that is solely human powered.3.1.2 bicycle fork,nstructural connection between thefront wheel and the frame.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe fork transmits steering torque fromthe handlebars to the front wheel.3.1.3 bicycle frame,nstructural member that supports theseat with rear connection for the rear wheel,front connectionvia the head tube for the fork and lower connection for thecrank/pedal assembly.3.1.4 bottom bracket shell,nstructural member of theframe that houses the assembly that supports the bearings,which support the cranks.3.1.5 crank,nlever arm that receives human energy astorque to convert into bicycle motion.3.1.6 crown race seat,nposition on the fork where thelower steering axis bearing sits.3.1.7 down tube,nlower structural connection betweenthe head tube and the bottom bracket shell.3.1.8 dropout centerline,nhub-mounting axis that passesthrough both right and left dropouts.3.1.9 front dropout,narea where the front wheel hubconnects to the fork.3.1.10 head tube,nforward most structural member of theframe,which provides an interface through top,and bottombearings for the fork.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe head tube is connected to the seattube through the top tube and the down tube.3.1.11 initial running displacement,naverage displace-ment between approximately 500 and 1000 cycles during adurability fatigue test.3.1.12 normal attitude,nintended position of the bicycleframe when in continuous straight-line motion on a flat surface.3.1.13 rake,nstraight-line distance from the front axlecenter to the perpendicular of the steering axis.3.1.14 rear dropout,narea where the rear wheel hubconnects to the lower rear and the upper rear frame members.3.1.15 sag,namount of compression in a suspension unit,given in a percentage.3.1.16 seat post,nstructural component that connects theseat to the seat tube.3.1.17 seat tube,nstructural member of the frame intowhich the seat post inserts.3.1.18 steerer tube,nsection of the bicycle fork that ishoused within the head tube and bearing assemblies.3.1.19 top tube,nupper structural connection between thehead tube and the seat tube.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2711 08.DOI:10.1520/F2711-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 OEM,noriginal equipment from manufacturer3.3 Symbols:L=fork length,a straight-line measure from the crown raceseat to the center of the front axle.=deflection of test fork.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 Horizontal Loading Durability Fatigue TestThis testmethod restrains the frame at the rear dropouts(see Fig.1).Acyclic load is applied along the x-axis at the front dropouts.Thenumber of cycles is measured.The magnitude of the load,andthe minimum number of cycles,are determined by the speci-fication standard.4.2 Vertical Loading Durability Fatigue TestThis testmethod restrains the frame at the rear dropouts,and allows freerolling at the fork(see Fig.2).Acyclic load is applied along theZ-axis behind the seat post.The number of cycles is measured.The magnitude of th