_MNL_39-2003.pdf

Basic Rubber Testing:Selecting Methods for a Rubber Test Program John S.Dick,editor ASTM Stock Number:MNL39 INTERNATIONAL ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Production Data Dick,John S.Basic rubber testing:selecting methods for a rubber test program/John S.Dick.p.cm.ASTM Stock Number:MNL39.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-3358-8 1.Rubber-Testing.I.Title.TA455.R8D53 2003 678.210287-dc21 2003056053 Copyright?9 2003 ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal or educational classroom use,or the internal personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by ASTM International provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,as-sociated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to establish ap-propriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Bridgeport,NJ Aug.2003 Foreword THIS PUBLICATION,Basic Rubber Testing:Selecting Methods for a Rubber Test Pro-gram,was sponsored by Committee Dll on Rubber and D24 on Carbon Black.This is Manual 39 in ASTM Internationals manual series.Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgment CHAPTER 1 Introduction-by John Dick 1.1 History 1.2 ASTM Dll Standards 1.3 Purpose 1.4 Economic Savings for Users and Producers Through Test Method Rationalization 1.5 Importance of Quality 1.6 Standard Target Values and Tolerance Stack-up 1.7 Testing Bias 1.8 What Makes for a Good Standard Test Method?1.8.1 Accuracy 1.8.2 Repeatability 1.8.3 Reproducibility 1.8.4 Stability 1.8.5 Linearity 1.9 The Rubber Process 1.10 Raw Rubber and Compounding Ingredients 1.11 The Recipe CHAPTER 2 General Test Methods-by John Dick 2.1 Introduction to the Rubber Test Laboratory 2.1.1 Compounding Ingredient Storage System 2.1.2 Weighing Systems 2.1.3 Mixer Systems 2.1.4 Curing Procedure 2.2 General Methods 2.2.1 Mooney Viscometer ASTM D 1646 2.2.1.1 Mooney Viscosity 1 7 6 1 7 6 111 XV.Vlll 1 1 1 2 2 4 5 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 13 13 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 22 CONTENTS 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.2.1.2 Mooney Stress Relaxation Test 26 2.2.1.3 Measuring Pre-Vulcanization Characteristics 30 Oscillating Disk Curemeter ASTM D 2084 30 2.2.2.1 ODR Cure Test Parameters 34 Rotorless Curemeter ASTM D 5289 38 Rotorless Shear Rheometer ASTM D 6204 40 2.2.4.1 Elastic Torque(S)42 2.2.4.2 Viscous Torque(S)42 2.2.4.3 Tangent 8(Delta)43 2.2.4.4 Storage(Elastic)Modulus(G)43 2.2.4.5 Loss(Viscous)Modulus(G)43 2.2.4.6 Dynamic Viscosity 0,0,q*43 Tensile Properties ASTM D 412 47 After-Cure Dynamic Properties for Quality Assurance and Development ASTM D 6601 49 Other Cured Physical Property Measurements 50 2.2.7.1 Tear Resistance ASTM D 624 50 2.2.7.2 Air Oven Aging ASTM D 573 51 2.2.7.3 Goodrich Flexometer Heat Buildup ASTM D 623 52 2.2.7.4 Flex Cracking Resistance 53 2.2.7.5 Liquid Immersion Properties ASTM D 471 53 2.2.7.6 Compression Set ASTM D 395 54 2.2.7.7 Rubber Hardness ASTM D 2240 55 2.2.7.8 Abrasion Resistance ASTM D 2228 55 2.2.7.9 Low Temperature Properties ASTM D 1053 55 2.2.7.10 Ozone Resistance D 1171 56 The Standard Classification System for Rubber Products used in Automotive Applications ASTM D 2000 57 CHAPTER 3 Testing Natural Rubber-by Alek Vare 61 3.1 Introduction and History 61 3.2 Sampling and Sample Preparation by ASTM D 1485 63 3.3 Technical Grades and Basis for Classification by ASTM D 2227 64 3.4 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Natural Rubber by ASTM D 1278 65 3.4.1 Percent Dirt 66 3.4.2 Volatile Matter 66 3.4.3 Copper Content 66 3.4.4 Manganese Content 67 CONTENTS vii 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.4.5%Ash 3.4.6 Iron Content 3.4.7 Acetone Extract 3.4.8 Nitrogen Plasticity Retention Index,ASTM D 3194 Color Index ASTM D 3157 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Natural Rubber ASTM D 3184 New Standard Test Method for Characterizing Natural Rubber Grades-ASTM D 6204,Part B 67 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 CHAPTER 4 Testing Synthetic Rubber-by Julia B.Zimmerman 4.1 Synthetic Rubber History and Nomenclature 4.2 Consumer-Producer Agreement 4.3 Physical Tests for Synthetic Rubber 4.4 Standard Test Recipes and Test Procedures 4.5 Processability of SBR with the Mooney Viscometer 4.6 Chemical Tests for Synthetic Rubbers 4.6.1 Organic Acids,Soap,Oil,Total Extractables 4.6.1.1 Total Extractables 4.6.1.2 Organic Acid and Soap 4.6.1.3 Oil 4.6.2 Volatile Matter 4.6.3 Total and Water Soluble Ash 4.6.4 Determination of Carbon Black in Masterbatch 4.6.5 Percent Gel,Swelling Index,and Di