ASTM_G_133_-_05_2010.pdf

Designation:G13305(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forLinearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G133;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for de-termining the sliding wear of ceramics,metals,and othercandidate wear-resistant materials using a linear,reciprocatingball-on-flat plane geometry.The direction of the relativemotion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashionsuch that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straightline.The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumesof the contacting ball and flat specimen materials;however,thecoefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using themethod described.This test method encompasses both unlu-bricated and lubricated testing procedures.The scope of thistest method does not include testing in corrosive or chemicallyaggressive environments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE1181 Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain SizesG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionG99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-DiskApparatusG115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-cientsG117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures ofPrecision Using Data from Interlaboratory Wear or Ero-sion TestsG118 Guide for Recommended Format of Wear Test DataSuitable for Databases3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions used in this test method are given inTerminology G40.The following definitions of importantterms used in this test method are cited from Terminology G40.3.1.2 friction forcethe resisting force tangential to theinterface between two bodies when,under the action of anexternal force,one body moves or tends to move relative to theother.3.1.3 Hertzian contact pressurethe magnitude of the pres-sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area,ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.3.1.4 weardamage to a solid surface,generally involvingthe progressive loss of material due to relative motion betweenthat surface and a contacting surface or surfaces.3.1.5 wear ratethe rate of material removal or dimen-sional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter,forexample,quantity removed(mass,volume,thickness)in unitdistance of sliding or unit time.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves two specimensa flat speci-men and a spherically ended specimen(herein called the“ball”specimen)which slides against the flat specimen.Thesespecimens move relative to one another in a linear,back andforth sliding motion,under a prescribed set of conditions.4.2 In this test method,the load is applied verticallydownward through the ball specimen against the horizontallymounted flat specimen.The normal load,stroke length,fre-quency and type of oscillation,test temperature,lubricant(ifany),test duration,and atmospheric environment(includingrelative humidity range)are selected from one of two proce-dures.4.3 Since this test method involves reciprocating slidingwhere changes in the sliding velocity and direction of motionoccur during the test,constant velocity conditions are notmaintained.The manner in which the velocity varies with time1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wearand Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.Current edition approved April 1,2010.Published April 2010.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G133051.DOI:10.1520/G0133-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 is determined by the design of the mechanism which drives theball or flat specimen back and forth.4.4 Dimensional changes for both ball and flat specimensare used to calculate wear volumes and wear rates.4.5 Friction forces are measured during the test and may beused to assess changes in the contact conditions or the kineticfriction coefficient as a function of time.5.Significance and Use5.1 Th