ASTM_F_497_-_00.pdf

Designation:F 497 00Standard Practice forUse of the Electric and Electronic Typewriter as a TestInstrument1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 497;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures utilizingthe electric or electronic typewriter as an imaging device formeasuring the performance properties of carbonless paper,carbon paper,inked ribbon,and similar image producingproducts.NOTE1Electric and electronic typewriters covered by this practicehave a full-character type element.Examples of such elements are typebar,ball,thimble,and daisy wheel.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 3460 Specification for White Watermarked,Unwater-marked Bond,Mimeograph,Duplicator,and XerographicCut-Sized Office Papers2E 284 Terminology of Appearance3F 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made Therefrom2F 549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy Products2F 909 Terminology Relating to Printers2F 1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact PrintingSystems22.2ANSI Standard:PH 2.36 Terms,Symbols,and Notation for Optical Trans-mission and Reflections Measurements4PH2.17 Density MeasurementsGeometric Conditions forReflection Density4PH2.18 Density MeasurementsSpectral Conditions43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice,refer toTerminology E 284,F 221,F 549,and F 909.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of using an electric or electronictypewriter under specified conditions to produce images for theevaluation of carbon paper,carbonless paper,inked ribbon,andpaper manifold sets on a comparative basis.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide a means of rapidevaluation of comparative image quality relative to carbonpaper,carbonless paper,inked ribbons,and similar image-producing products.6.Interferences6.1 Many electric and electronic typewriters are subject totype impact variations due to fluctuations of line voltage.Voltage stabilizing devices,recommended by the typewritermanufacturer,can be used.If a stabilizing device is not used,tests should be run at periods when the line load is low orstabilized.6.2 The densitometer readings will also vary with voltagefluctuations.The same precautions as in 6.1 should be taken.6.3 In densitometer readings care should be taken not toconfuse width of line with intensity.6.4 Fluctuations of temperature and humidity will affect thepaper used for image reception.Tests run on different dayscould show variations in results.All tests should be dated andtemperature and relative humidity during the tests recorded.7.Apparatus7.1 Typewriters,to be used to prepare images.An electric orelectronic typewriter in normal use for the application andadjusted to the manufacturers specifications.7.2 Reflection Densitometer,meeting the geometric condi-tions of PH2.17 and the spectral conditions of PH2.18,andmeasuring reflection density as defined in ANSI PH 2.36.Theaperture diameter of the instrument shall not be less than the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-5 on BusinessCopy Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 on CarbonPaper and Inked Ribbons.Current edition approved Feb.10,2000.Published May 2000.Originallypublished as F 497 85.Last previous edition F 497 91(1995).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.01.4Available from American National Standards Institute,11 W.42nd St.,13thFloor,New York,NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.line spacing of the typewriter.8.Materials8.1 White bond paper,conforming to Specification D 3460,Grade Number 4,unwatermarked,basis weight 20 lb(75 g/m2g).9.Calibration and Standardization of Typewriter9.1 Select upper case“6,”“B,”or“&”characters.Clean thetype face of the characters selected for the test.Adjust theimpact pressure,if possible,until slight embossment is pro-duced on the back of a single sheet of 20 lb(75 g/m2g)bondpaper.Reduce impact pressure until embossment just disap-pears.If impact pressure cannot be so adjusted due to thetypewriter design,use a nominal impact setting.9.2 For reflection density test,a specially fitted two orthree-line grid may be used in some typewriters.10.Conditioning10.1 Conduct testing in an environment with stable condi-tio