_STP_598-1976.pdf

CALIBRATION IN AIR MONITORING A symposium presented at the University of Colorado at Boulder,Colo.5-7 Aug.1975 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 598 R.L.Chapman,symposium chairman D.C.Sheesley,symposium cochairman List price$33.00 04-598000-17 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1 916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103()by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1976 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:75-39445 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Luthervillo-Timonium,Md.May 1976 Foreword The Symposium on Calibration in Air Monitoring was presented at the University of Colorado at Boulder,Colo.,5-7 Aug.,1975.The symposium was sponsored by The American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee D-22 on Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres.R.L.Chapman,Beckman Instruments,Inc.,presided as symposium chairman.D.C.Sheesley,Ambient Analysis,Inc.,presided as symposium eochairman.Related ASTM Publications Instrumentation for Monitoring Air Quality,STP 555(1974),$15.25(04-555000-17)Measurement of Lead in the Atmosphere;Sampling Stacks for Particu-lates;and Determination of Oxides of Nitrogen in Combustion Products,DS 55-$5,$6,$8(1975),$18.00(05-055099-17)A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and,also,the un-heralded efforts of the reviewers.This body of technical experts whose dedication,sacrifice of time and effort,and collective wisdom in review-ing the papers must be acknowledged.The quality level of ASTM publica-tions is a direct function of their respected opinions.On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution.A STM Committee on Publications Editorial Staff Jane B.Wheeler,Managing Editor Helen M.Hoersch,Associate Editor Charlotte E.DeFranco,Senior Assistant Editor Ellen J.McGlinchey,Assistant Editor Contents Introduction PHILOSOPHY/PoLICY OF CALIBRATION Calibration of Stack Gas Instrumentation-R.L.CHAPMAN Monitoring Systems Sites and Installation Notes Test Procedures Results Discussion 5 6 8 9 13 14 Gas Turbine Emission Measurement Instrument Calibration-R.U.DIECK 16 Statistical Framework 17 Calibration Standards 22 Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Emission Instrumentation 23 Documentation of Instrumentation Performance 24 Establishing Instrument Calibration Curves 27 Instrumentation Precision Variability 30 Uses of Accuracy Data 34 Conclusions 37 Preparation of Stable Pollution Gas Standards Using Treated Aluminum Cylinders-s.G.WECHTER 40 Effects of Preconditioning as a Means of Deactivating Cylinder Walls 43 Experimentation with Cylinder Wall Materials 45 Evaluation Program for Treated Aluminum Cylinders 46 Conclusions 53 Application and Description of a Portable Calibration System-F.J.DEBBRECHT AND E.M.NEEL 55 Methods of Standard Preparation 56 Description of a Portable Calibration System 58 Performance Discussion 64 Conclusion 65 QUALIFICATION OF REFERENCE METHODS AS FIDUCIARY STANDARDS Qualification of Ambient Methods as Reference Methods-J.B.CLEMENTS 69 Reference Methods 70 Equivalent Methods 71 Method Evaluation and Standardization 71 Nitrogen Dioxide Methodology 72 Original Reference Method 72 Selection of Candidate Methods to Replace Original Reference Method 73 Single Laboratory Evaluation of Candidate Methods 74 Interlaboratory Collaborative Tests of Candidate Methods 75 Special Study 76 Other Reference Methods 76 Qualification of Source Test Methods as Reference Methods-J.E.HOWES,JR.,AND R.N.PESUT 80 Role of Collaborative Testing in Establishing Reference Methods 82 Elements of the Collaborative Test 83 Application of Collaborative Test Data 92 Certification Experience with Extractive Emission Monitoring Systems-W.L.BONAM AND W.F.FULLER 96 Method 97 Certification Procedure Results 100 Effect of Procedures on Certification Results 102 Effect of Reference Method Accuracy and Sampling Errors 104 Summary and Conclusions 105 Verification of In Situ Source Emission Analyzer Data-H.c.LORD System Description Operation Calibration Comparison Data Summary 107 107 108 109 111 117 Statistical Implications of the Environmental Protection Agency Procedure for Evaluating the Accuracy of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Monitors of Stationary Sources-J.B.REEVES 118 Relationship Between Errors in the Reference Measurements and Errors in the Monitoring System Measurements 119 Probability of Accepting or Rejecting a Monitoring System 121 Probability of Rejecting NOx and SO2 Monitoring Systems 123 Influence of Errors in the Reference Method on the Probability of Rejection 125 Results of the Evaluation of SOs and NOx Monitoring Systems at an Electric Power Station 126 ARE REFERENCE METHODS ABSOLUTE 9.Interagency Comparison of Iodometric Methods for Ozone Determination-W.n.DeMORE,J.C.ROMANOVSKY,MILTON FELDSTE1N,W.J.HAMMING,AND P.K.MUELLER 131 Method 132 Results 139 Discussion 140 Evaluation and Co