_STP_694-1979.pdf

TIRE REINFORCEMENT AND TIRE PERFORMANCE A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committees D13 on Textiles and F09 on Tires AIVIERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Montrose,Ohio,23-25 Oct.1978 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 694 R.A.Fleming and D.I,Livingston,Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company,editors List price$34.50 04-694000-37#AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by American Society for Testing and Materials 1979 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-53318 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,Md.Dec.1979 Foreword The Symposium on Tire Reinforcement and Tire Performance was held 23-25 Oct.1978,in Montrose,Ohio.ASTM Committees D13 on TextUes and F09 on Tires jointly sponsored the symposium.R.A.Fleming and D.I.Livingston,Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company,presided as chairmen on the symposium and served as editors of this pubUcation.The Program Committee consisted of C.F.Brenner,National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,J.W.Hannell,E.I.duPont de Nemours and Co.,Inc.,and C.C.McCabe,E.I.duPont de Nemours and Co.,Inc.Related ASTM Publications Surface Texture Versus Skidding,STP 583(1975),$12.00,04-583000-37 An Analysis of the Literature on Tire-Road Skid Resistance,STP 541(1973),$5.50,04-541000-37 Skid Resistance of Highway Pavements,STP 530(1973),$12.25,04-530000-37 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Part 15,Road and Paving Materials;Bitumi-nous Materials for Highway Construction,Waterproofing and Roofing,and Pipe;Skid Resistance(1979),$38.00,01-015079-08 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Part 38,Rubber Products,IndustrialSpec-ifications and Related Test Methods;Gaskets;Tires(1979),$29.00,01-038079-20 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and,also,the unheralded efforts of the reviewers.This body of technical experts whose dedication,sacri-fice of time and effort,and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged.The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions.On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge their contribution with appreciation.ASTM Committee on Publications Editorial Staff Jane B.Wheeler,Managing Editor Helen M.Hoersch,Associate Editor Ellen J.McGlinchey,Senior Assistant Editor Helen Mahy,Assistant Editor Contents Introduction 1 Challenges Facing Tire Cord Engineers Todayc.z.DRAVES,JR.AND LEONARD SKOLNIK 3 Survey of Mechanical Properties of Steel Cord and Related Test Methods L.BOURGOIS 19 Steel Tire CordLow Load ElongationA.C.LOWELL AND LEONARD SKOLNIK 47 A Shorter Route to Steel Tire CordF.R.COWLISHAW 57 Steel Cord:Analysis of Used Truck Tires and Simulation of the Found Phenomena in Laboratory Experimentsc.c.J.DE JONG 69 Adhesion of Steel Tire Cord to Rubber Compounds Mutual Influence of Brass and Rubber Compounds on the AdhesionM.P.BOURRAIN 87 Belt Test for the Evaluation of the Fretting Fatigue and Adhesion Behavior of Steel Cord in RubberL.BOURGOIS 103 Laboratory Machine to Evaluate the Resistance of Tire Cords(Textile or Steel)to Tensile Fatigue or Compressive Fatigue or BothCESARE CANEVARI AND A.G.LALA 110 Adhesive and Processing Concepts for Tire Reinforcing Materials R.S.BHAKUNI,G.W.RYE,AND S.J.DOMCHICK 122 Degradation of Adhesion of Coated Tire Cords to Rubber by Atmospheric PollutantsR.E.HARTZ AND H.T.ADAMS 139 Physical Factors in Cord-to-Rubber Adhesion by a New Tire Cord Adhesion TestG.S.FIELDING-RUSSELL,D.W.NICHOLSON,AND D.L LIVINGSTON 153 Dynamic Moduli of Continuous Filament Yams Subjected to Low Frequency Excitation Superimposed on High Initial Longitudinal Strain C.F.ZOROWSKI AND Z.P.SMITH 163 Role of Tire Reinforcements on Composite Static and Dynamic CharacteristicsJ.J.voRACHEK 180 Study of Fiber Fracture and Interfacial Chemistry Using the Scanning Electron MicroscopeA.G.CAUSA 200 Viscoelastic Properties of Tire Cords Under Conditions of Rolling Tires Y.D.KWON,R.K.SHARMA,AND D.C.PREVORSEK 239 Relative Importance of Cords and Rubber in Tire Rolling Resistance R.K.SHARMA,Y.D.KWON,AND D.C.PREVORSEK 263 Design of Radial Passenger Tires with Aramid Cord BeltsD.F.RYDER 284 Bias Passenger Tires:Effect of Construction on the Cord Deformation and Temperature Rise During RollingD.C.PREVORSEK,C.W.BERINGER,Y.D.KWON,AND R.K.SHARMA 298 Summary 327 Index 329 STP694-EB/Dec.1979 Introduction This special technical publication comprises the proceedings of the Symposium on Tire Reinforcement and Tire Performance jointly sponsored by ASTM Com-mittees D13 on Textiles and F09 on Tires.The symposium was so titled to stress the important technical relationship between the two aspects of the subject mat-ter and to stimulate contributions in each area,emphasizing the connection between them.This theme successfully generated the technological and scientific papers collected here.The goal of the symposium to bring together contributions on the many aspects of the subject