_STP_558-1974.pdf

CORROSION IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS Three symposia presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Philadelphia,Pa.24-29 June 1973 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 558 List Price$29.75 04-558000-27 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Aug 14 17:24:15 EDT 2015Downloaded/printed bySoutheast University(Southeast University)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.()BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1974 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:74-77097 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Lutherville-Timonium,Md.August 1974 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Aug 14 17:24:15 EDT 2015Downloaded/printed bySoutheast University(Southeast University)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The papers in this special technical publication were presented during three symposia at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia,Pa.,24-29 June 1973.The three symposia were:1.Atmospheric Corrosion S.W.Dean,Jr.,Olin Corporation,chairman V.P.Pearson,Inland Steel Company,cochairman 2.Metal Corrosion in Seawater W.H.Ailor,Reynolds Metals Company,chairman 3.Statistical Planning and Analysis of Corrosion Experiments F.H.Haynie,Environmental Protection Agency,chairman E.H.Jebe,Ann Arbor,Mich.,cochairman These three symposia are included in this publication.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Aug 14 17:24:15 EDT 2015Downloaded/printed bySoutheast University(Southeast University)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Localized Corrosion-Cause of Metal Failure,STP 516(1972),$22.50(04-516000-27)Stress Corrosion Cracking of Metals-A State of the Art,STP 518(1972),$11.75(04-518000-27)Manual of Industrial Corrosion Standards and Control,STP 534(1973),$16.75(04-534000-27)Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Aug 14 17:24:15 EDT 2015Downloaded/printed bySoutheast University(Southeast University)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction I TESTING IN NATURAL ATMOSPHERES Weather Factors Affecting Corrosion of Metals-P.J.SEREDA 7 Moisture 8 Pollution 13 Sulfur Dioxide 13 Chlorides 16 Corrosion Products 17 Temperature 19 Summary 21 Selecting Testing Conditions Representative of the Atmospheric Environment-J.F,STANNERS 23 Estimating the Distribution of Steel Utilization 24 Environmental Factors to be Taken into Account 25 Variability of the Selected Environmental Factors 26 Selection of Conditions Required at Exposure Sites 28 Feasibility of Selecting Sites 30 Discussion 30 Conclusions 31 Correlation Between Corrosion Behavior of Steel and Atmospheric Pollution Data-E.H.HAYNIE AND J.B.UPHAM 33 Experimental Procedure 34 Results and Analysis 35 Discussion 40 Conclusions 43 Corrosion Aggressivity of Model Regions of Czechoslovakia-D.KNOTKOV,-CERMAKOV/,B.BOSEK,AND J.VLCKOV/52 Analysis of the Problem 53 Tests 57 Analysis of the Results 59 Mathematical Model of Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals 66 Conclusion 72 Seven-Year Exposure at Point Reyes,California-w.H.AILOR 75 Alloys 75 Test Program 76 Short-Term Atmospheric Corrosion of Various Copper-Base Alloys-Two-and Four-Year Results-R.s.HERMAN AND A.P.CASTILLO 82 Experimental Procedure 84 Results 86 Discussion 92 Conclusions 96 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Aug 14 17:24:15 EDT 2015Downloaded/printed bySoutheast University(Southeast University)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Technical Note:An Evaluation of Titanium Panels After Seven Years Exposure in a Marine Atmosphere-L.c.COVINGTON Exfoliation Corrosion Testing of 7075 and 7178 Aluminum Alloys-Interim Report on Atmospheric Exposure Tests-D.O.SPROWLS,T.J,SUMMERSON,AND F.E.LOFTIN Test Materials Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Summary Status 97 99 100 102 104 112 113 SEAWATER ENVIRONMENTS Ten-Year Seawater Tests on Aluminum-w.H.AILOR Procedure Discussion Conclusions Corrosion of Copper Alloys in Hydrospace-F.M.RE1NHART Results and Discussion Corrosion Stress Corrosion Corrosion Products Mechanical Properties Summary and Conclusions 117 119 122 132 135 139 139 164 164 167 167 Corrosion Tests in the Gulf Floor-J,s.DI GREGORIO AND J.P.FRASER 185 Corrosion Tests in the Gulf of Mexico 188 Unprotected Specimens 196 Conclusions 206 Evaluation of Paint Coatings Tested in the Deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans-J.V.RYNEWICZ 209 Description of Test Specimens 211 Description of Test Sites 216 Description of Test Fixtures 216 Evaluation of Recovered Test Specimens 216 Comparison of Test Site Results 231 Conclusion 234 Galvanic Corrosion of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Seawater-R.BABOIAN AND(3.S.HAYNES 171 Theory 172 Experimental 176 Resul