M_PS_121_-_99.pdf

Designation:PS 121 99Provisional Specification forBiodiesel Fuel(B100)Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels1This provisional standard is issued under the fixed designation PS 121;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption.1.Scope1.1 This provisional specification2covers low sulfur biodie-sel(B100)for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oilsdefined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D,2-D,and lowsulfur 1-D and 2-D.31.2 This specification,unless otherwise provided by agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier,prescribes therequired properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place ofdelivery.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal,state,or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended.For more information on the subject,see Guide D 4865.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup Tester4D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion fromPetroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test4D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue ofPetroleum Products4D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)4D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum Products4D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil5D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titration4D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand Additives4D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration4D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils4D 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late Fuels4D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)4D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method(Laboratory Procedure)4D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils4D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrom-etry6D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Centrifuge6D 3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of DistillateFuels6D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometry6D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel6D 3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedTester6D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products6D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products6D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spec-trometry6D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Method)6D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable Equation6D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems62.2Government Standards740 CFR Part 79Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b)Clean Air Act3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 biodiesel,na fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats,designated B100.1This provisional specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E on Burner,Diesel,and Gas Turbine Fuels.Current edition approved July 27,1999.Published September 1999.2Provisional standards exist for two years subsequent to the approval date.3This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 79.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.04.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.02.7Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington,DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.1.1.1 DiscussionBiodiesel,as defined above,is regis-tered with the US EPA as a fuel and a fuel additive underSection 211(b)of the Clean Air Act.There is,however,otherusage of the term biodiesel in the market place.Due to its EPAregistration and the wide spread commercial use of the termbiodiesel in the US market place,the term biodiesel will bemaintained for this specification.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin.The finished biodiesel derivesapproximately 10%of its mass from the reacted alcohol.Thealcohol used in the reaction may or may not come fromrenewable resources.3.1.2 biodiesel blend,na blend of biodiesel fuel withpetroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX,where XX is thevolume%of biodiesel.3.1.3 biodiesel fuel,nsynonymn for biodiesel.3.1.4 diesel fuel,na light or middle