_MNL_5-2009.pdf

Aviation Fuel QualityControl Procedures:4th EditionJim GammonEditorASTM Stock No.:MNL 54thASTM International100 Barr Harbor DrivePO Box C700West Conshohocken,PA 194282959Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAviation fuel quality control procedures/Jim Gammon?editor?.4th ed.p.cm.Includes index.ASTM stock number:“MNL5th-4th.”ISBN 978-0-8031-7008-71.AirplanesFuelContamination.2.Materials handlingQuality control.3.Gasoline industryQuality control.4.Fuel filters.I.Gammon,Jim,1953TL704.7.A95 2008629.134?351dc222008027338Copyright 2009 ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproducedor copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,with-out the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy item for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,orclassroom use of specific clients,is granted by ASTM International ASTM provided that the appropriate fee ispaid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Dr.,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:9787508400;online:http:/ Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,MDFebruary,2009 ForewordThis manual is sponsored by ASTM Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels,Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.It provides guidance on common procedures used to assess and protect aviation fuel quality.Even though the manual was notsubject to full Society consensus balloting,a ballot vote by task force members of Subcommittee J was conducted beforepublication.The task force members who wrote or reviewed this manual are listed in the Introduction.iii ContentsIntroductionviiGlossaryixSection AGENERAL FUEL HANDLING1A.1Visual Appearance Tests1A.2API Gravity and Metric Density3A.3Sump Sampling6A.4Electrical ConductivityPortable Meter Method7A.5Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Tester7A.6Product Identification9A.7Electrostatic Hazards in Mixing Aviation Fuels10A.8Preservice Cleanliness Inspection of Fueling Equipment11A.9Shipment of Aviation Fuel Samples12A.10Field Test for Contamination of Aviation Gasoline withHeavier Fuels12A.11Fuel Sampling Techniques14A.12SurfactantsSurface Active Agents17A.13Microseparometer18A.14Aviation Fuel Additives20A.15Flushing New Aviation Fueling Hoses22Section BPARTICULATE DETECTION24B.1Filter Membrane TestColorimetric24B.2Membrane FiltrationGravimetric26B.3Membrane Filtration Records28Section CWATER DETECTION30C.1ShellWater Detector30C.2Velcon Hydrokit31C.3Gammon Aqua-GloWater Detection Kit31C.4Water Detection Paste34Section DFILTRATION EQUIPMENT35D.1Filtration EquipmentGeneral35D.2Filter Element Installation Procedure37D.3Filter Accessory Maintenance38D.4TeflonCoated Screen?TCS?and Synthetic Separators40D.5Differential PressureDelta P OR?P41D.6Automatic Water Slug Systems43D.7Single Element Test For Coalescer Elements46D.8Clay Treatment49 Section EMICROBIAL CONTAMINATION DETECTION51E.1Laboratory Methods&Field Kits51Subject Index55 IntroductionThis Manual is sponsored by ASTM International Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels,Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.It was written and reviewed by atask force under Sec.5 on Fuel Cleanliness.The task force membership listed belowrepresents a broad spectrum of interests including oil companies,airlines,pipeline com-panies,third party refueling companies,filter companies,fueling vehicle builders,con-sultants,aviationproductsdistributors,andotheraviationassociatedorganizations.Thismanualprovidesguidancematerialoncommonproceduresthatareusedtoassessand protect aviation fuel quality.Aviation fuel,by its unique use,is one of the most care-fullycontrolledpetroleumproducts,andtherefore,isrequiredtomeetexactingfuelqual-ity standards.In many cases,the field procedure or test method listed herein is a simpli-fied version of the corresponding ASTM method or standard practice.It should beemphasized that the formalASTM standard method supersedes the instructions given inthis publication.In other cases,when there is noASTM procedure,a non-ASTM proce-dure is included for purposes of making this publication as complete a reference as pos-sible.Some of the procedures have resulted from practical experience in dealing withnumerousairportsystems.This document explains a number of ASTM test methods used as field tests.For acomplete list methods used to qualify an aviation fuel,reference should be made to thepertinentASTMfuelspecification.Obviously,not all field situations can be predicted.However,the purpose of present-ing the extra information is to acquaint the reader with as many aspects of aviation fuelhandling as possible.It is the intent of this publication to provide sufficient informationforfuelhandlerstomakeaninformedapproachtoaviationfuelquality.Inparticular,thismanual should be useful to third-party refueling organizations and independent fixedba