_MNL_27-1996.pdf

Manual on Elastic-Plastic Fracture:Laboratory Test Procedures James A.Joyce ASTM Manual Series;MNL 27 ASTM Publication Code Number(PCN):28-027096-30 iSlb 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joyce,J.A.(James Albert),1945-Manual on elastic-plastic fracture:laboratory test procedure/James A.Joyce.(ASTM manual series;MNL 27)ASTM publication code number(PCN):28-027096-30.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-2069-9 1.Fracture mechanicsHandbooks,manuals,etc.2.ElasticityHandbooks,manuals,etc.3.PlasticityHandbooks,manuals,etc.4.MaterialsTestingHandbooks,manuals,etc.I.Title.II.Series,technical publication;1278.TA409.J69 1996 620.V126dc20 96-17228 CIP Copyright 1996 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,Tel:508-750-8400 online:http:/ manual does not purport to address(all of)the safety problems associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Printed in Scranton,PA May 1996 Foreword THIS PUBLICATION.Manual on Elastic-Plastic Fracture:Laboratory Test Procedures,was approved by ASTM Committee E-8 on Fatigue and Fracture.This is Manual 27 in ASTMs manual series.The author,James A.Joyce,is employed at the U.S.Naval Academy,Mechanical Engineering Department,Annapolis,MD.H I Contents chapter 1:Introduction 1 Chapter 2:Overview of Elastic-Plastic Fracture 2 Chapter 3:Analysis 4 3.1/-integral and 8 Equations 4 3.2 Limits of Applicability 6 3.3 Compliance Equations 7 Chapter 4:Apparatus 9 4.1 Fixtures 9 4.2 Transducers and Electronics 11 4.3 Recording Equipment 16 Chapter 5:Specimen Preparation 17 5.1 Specimen Machining 17 5.2 Precracking 18 Chapter 6:Basic Test Procedure 22 6.1 Running the Test 22 6.2 Measuring the Crack 23 6.3 Analysis for J Using Basic Test Data 23 6.4 The Multi-specimen Method 23 6.5 Evaluation of JQ 24 6.6 Analysis for J or 7 Using Basic Test Data 27 6.7 Analysis for 8,8,or 8 Using the Basic Test Data 28 6.8 Summary of the Basic Method 28 Chapter 7:Advanced Test Procedure 30 7.1 Running the Test 30 7.2 Analysis of Advanced Test Data 32 Chapter 8:Qualification of the Test Results 35 8.1 Qualification of the Data 35 8.2 Apparatus Requirements 35 8.3 Transducer Requirements 35 8.4 Specimen Preparation Requirements 35 8.5 Test Procedure Requirements 36 8.6 Additional Requirements 36 8.7 Summary 36 8.8 Qualifying the J-R Curve 37 8.9 Qualifying 7i 37 vi CONTENTS 8.10 Qualifying 7 37 8.11 Qualifying 8 and 8 38 Chapter 9:Future Developments in Elastic-Plastic Fracture Testing 39 References 41 Appendix A:Software Listings 45 Al Unloading Compliance Data Acquisition Program 48 A2 Initialization Fit Program 56 Appendix B:ASTM Fracture Test Standards 65 Standard E 1737 67 Standard E 1290 91 Index 101 Introduction MNL27-EB/May 1996 THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED TO provide a background for de-veloping elastic-plastic fracture toughness data in accord-ance with ASTM Test Method for J-Integral Characterization of Fracture Toughness(E 1737)and ASTM Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD)Fracture Tough-ness Measurement(E 1290).These standards provide the re-quirements for obtaining/-integral and CTOD quantities from laboratory tests;hovi?ever,they provide little informa-tion on why certain requirements are imposed and how to carry out various aspects of the tests.This manual provides specific guidance and instruction on equipment,apparatus,test fixtures,transducers,test setup,test procedure,and analysis of the data.Although nothing compares with hands on training as offered by the ASTM Technical and Professional Training Course on Elastic-Plastic Fracture,this manual attempts to provide the next best thing through the use of test examples,example calcu-lations,photographs of test apparatus and fracture samples,as well as expert advice and reference to papers in the lit-erature describing various test techniques.The sections that follow are organized sequentially as one would proceed in developing a laboratory capability to ac-complish these fracture mechanics tests.Fixtures and ap-paratus are described first,then electronics,transducers,and recording equipment.Then an example test is set up,run,and analyzed according to the elastic-plastic fracture tough-ness standards,i.e.,E 1737 and E 1290.The data are then qualified