ASTM_F_869_-_01.pdf

Designation:F 869 01An American National StandardStandard TerminologyRelating to Athletic Shoes and Biomechanics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 869;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology defines biomechanical and shoe-related terms for use in the development of standard testmethods and specifications for athletic footwear.1.2 The terms defined in this terminology are appropriatefor use by the athletic footwear manufacturers and by biome-chanicists in matters concerning athletic shoe technology,testmethods,and specifications.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:abductionthe movement of a body part from the longitudi-nal(midline)of the body or in reference to fingers and toes,movement away from the midline of hand or foot.abrasion testera machine for determining the quantity ofmaterial lost by friction wear under specified conditions.accelerated agingthe deterioration of a material faster thannormal by subjecting the material to conditions specified bythe test method being followed.accelerated life testmethod designed to approximate,in ashort time,the deteriorating effect of normal,long-termservice conditions.(D 1566,D-11)aging(1)the effect on materials of exposure to an environ-ment for an interval of time.(2)the process of exposingmaterials to an environment for an interval of time.(D 883,D-20)anteroposteriorextending from the front to the rear.anthropometrythe science of the measurement of the hu-man body and its parts.arch-footwearthe bottom curve of a shoe last from heel toball.arch supporta device of leather,metal,or other materialshaped to the contour of the longitudinal arch of the foot andinserted or built in a shoe.backpart moldinga preparatory shaping operation to heelseat prior to lasting,usually performed on the thermoplasticcounters where backpart components are heated on a metalheel form and molded into the backpart heel shape combin-ing counter,upper and lining before the actual lastingoperation is performed on the backpart of the shoe.ball measurementthe line running completely around thefoot or last coplanar to the joints of large and small toes.bench testa modified service test in which the serviceconditions are approximated,but the equipment is laboratoryequipment and not necessarily identical with that in whichthe product will be employed.bottomsthe underface of the shoe sole which extends fromthe toe to the heel breast.The heel is not a part of the bottom.california processthis process requires the accurate draftingof patterns,cutting,and stitching of the upper,sock lining,and platform cover.The upper and sock lining are stitchedtogether.The platform cover is stitched to the other two partsin a separate operation.The last is then inserted into theupper.After the last is inserted,the platform is accuratelypressed into place.castan impression or mold taken from a person or thing.cellular plastica plastic containing numerous cells,inten-tionally introduced,interconnecting or not,distributedthroughout the mass.(D 883,D-20)cement constructiona process in which the outsole isattached to the upper by cementing instead of sewing or byother methods.Also known as the compo process,afterCompo Industries,Inc.,which introduced this method com-mercially into the U.S.about 1930;also known as cementprocess and as cemented process.cinematographyan instrumentation system for filming,measuring,and analyzing movements of the athlete,usuallyincluding a computerized digitizor for data analysis.circumductionthe movement of a body part about an axis soas to describe a cone or the conical movement of a body partabout an bination last(or shoe)designed to provide a proper fitfor the individual with thinner than normal instep or heel.Length and width will be of standard measurements,butnarrower fitting qualities will prevail through instep,waist,and positionmaterials composed of granulated fillers,suchas cork,leather,fibers,minerals,in a resinous matrix,usually1These definitions are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.54on Footwear.Current edition approved Jan.10,2001.Published February 2001.Originallypublished as F 869 84.Last previous edition F 869 00.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.an elastomer.Compressed and molded into sheet materials,compositions are used for insoles,heel bases,pounda mixture of a polymer with other ingredientssuch as fillers,stabilizers,catalysts,processing aids,lubri-cants,modifiers,pigments,or curing agents.(F 412,F-17)compression deflectionthe amount of deformation of mate-rial when being pression molda mold which is open whe