ASTM_F_414_-_15.pdf

Designation:F41415Standard Test Method forEnergy Absorbed by a Tire When Deformed by Slow-MovingPlunger1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F414;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of tireplunger energy required to completely penetrate the tread areaof an inflated tire as indicated by a rupture,loss of inflationpressure,sudden drop in plunger force or bottom-out.The testrequires utilization of a laboratory testing machine capable ofslowly penetrating the tread surface of a tire with a plungerhaving a hemispherical end.1.2 This test method is applicable to pneumatic tires forvehicles normally used on the road.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesF538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF1082 Practice for TiresDetermining Precision for TestMethod Standards(Withdrawn 2005)3IEEE/ASTM SI10-02 American National Standard for Useof the International System of Units(SI):The ModernMetric System3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bottom out,vto deform a tire by radial load on thetread until radial movement of the inside surface is stopped bythe rim or other tire inside surface.F5383.1.2 groove,na void that is relatively narrow comparedto its length.F5383.1.3 load range,na letter designation(A,B,C,D)or,forP-metric tires,standard load(SL),light load(LL),or extra load(XL),used to identify a given size tire with its load andinflation limits when used in a specific type of service.F5383.1.4 load rating M,nthe maximum load a tire is ratedto carry for a given usage at a specific cold inflation pressure.F5383.1.5 maximum load rating M,nof a passenger tire,theload rating at the maximum permissible cold inflation pressurefor that tire.F5383.1.6 maximum plunger travel L,nin tire testing,therelative displacement of tread surface by a plunger,measuredfrom the point of initial contact of the plunger with the treadsurface to the point of maximum force at rupture or at thebottom-out point.F5383.1.7 nominal plunger energy,W=(F P)/2,nin tiretesting,one half of the product of a peak force(required torupture the tire structure in tread area)and maximum plungertravel into a tire at the time of rupture.F5383.1.8 plunger,nin tire testing,a cylindrical rod with ahemispherical end.F5383.1.9 void,na volume(in the annular tread band)definedby the lack of rubber;the depth dimension of this volume mayvary from point to point in(on)the tread band.F5384.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method measures tire plunger energy requiredto force a cylindrical plunger with a hemispherical end into thetread of the tire to produce a rupture of the carcass or abottom-out condition.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory(Non-Vehicular)Testing.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published August 2015.Originallyapproved in 1975.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F414 09.DOI:10.1520/F0414-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of testand provides data that can be related to tire strength,but doesnot measure tire performance or establish specification ortolerances.6.Apparatus6.1 Testing Machine that incorporates a cylindrical plunger,which can be forced,at 50.8 6 1.58 mm/min(2.0 6 0.0625 in-.min)radially into a tread of a tire,while the force and plungermotion are indicated or recorded.6.1.1 The force-indicating device shall have an accuracy of61%of the indicated force and shall reflect an instantaneouschange in force from zero to full scale in no more than 3.0 s.6.1.2 Relative plunger travel distance shall be indicated toan accuracy of 61%of the distance from t