_STP_849-1984.pdf

REFRACTORY METALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee B-10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys New Orleans,La.,23-24 Sept.1982 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 849 Robert E.Smallwood,Allied Corporation,editor ASTM Publication Code Number(PCN)04-849000-05#1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Refractory metals and their industrial applications.(ASTM special technical publication;849)ASTM publication code number(PCN)04-849000-05.Includes bibliographical references and index.1.Heat resistant alloysCongresses.I.Smallwood,Robert E.II.ASTM Committee B-10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys.III.Series.TA485.R38 1984 620.189 84-70136 ISBN 0-8031-0203-8 Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1984 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:84-70136 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore.Md.(b)August 1984 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The Symposium on Refractory Metals and Their Industrial Applications,held in New Orleans,Louisiana,on 23-24 September 1982,was sponsored by ASTM Committee B-10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys.Robert E.Smallwood,Allied Corporation,served as symposium chairman and has edited this publication.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium:Third Conference,STP 830(1984),04-830000-05 Industrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium,STP 728(1981),04-728000-05 Applications-Related Phenomena in Titanium Alloys,STP 432(1968),04-432000-05 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this pubHcation reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded,though essential,work of the reviewers.On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort.ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.ASTM Editorial Staff Janet R.Schroeder Kathleen A.Greene Rosemary Horstman Helen M.Hoersch Helen P.Mahy Allan S.Kleinberg Susan L.Gebremedhin Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction 1 Properties and Applications of MolybdenumR.BUKMAN 3 Niobium in Industrial ApplicationsR.T.WEBSTER 18 Properties of Tantalum for Applications in the Chemical Process IndustryF.J.HUNKELER 28 Industrial Applications of Corrosion-Resistant Tantalum,Niobium,and Their AlloysR.H.BURNS,F.S.SHUKER,JR.,AND P.E.MANNING 50 Tantalum and Niobium in Some Electronic Applications L.H.BELZ 70 Tungsten:Its Manufacture,Properties,and Application J.A.MULLENDORE 82 Use of Refractory Metals in Chemical Process Industries R.E.SMALLWOOD 106 Summary 115 Index 117 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:02:08 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.STP849-EB/Aug.1984 Introduction The Symposium on Refractory Metals and Their Industrial Applications,held on 23-24 September 1982 in New Orleans,Louisiana,was sponsored by ASTM Committee B-10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys.Al-though Committee B-10 has for some time written standards used for com-mercial applications of refractory metals and has sponsored previous sympo-sia on reactive metals,this conference was its first devoted to the refractory metals(molybdenum,niobium,tantalum,and tungsten).It was energetically supported by suppliers and fabricators and was intended to provide a com-prehensive description of these four metals for the industrial user.Indeed,the symposium was conceived and based on the premise that no publication exists for the industrial user on the various properties and end uses of these metals.W