_STP_489-1971.pdf

HOLD-TIME EFFECTS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE A LITERATURE SURVEY AND INTERPRETIVE REPORT Prepared for The Metal Properties Council by E.Krempl and B.M.Wundt ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 489 List price$4.75 04-489000-30 t)AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:05:04 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.?9 BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1971 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:71-152132 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Alpha,New Jersey September 1971 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:05:04 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.FOREWORD The Metal Properties Council Subcommittee on Fatigue sponsored preparation by B.M.Wundt of an extensive Bibliography on Low-Cycle Fatigue.Published by ASTM in 1968 as their Special Technical Publication No.449,that survey listed over 800 refer-ences for the years 1957 through 1967.Encouraged by a larger-than-anticipated demand for that Bibliography,the Subcommittee is now promoting the preparation and publication of surveys telling the general content of the literature pertaining to each of several major factors affecting low-cycle high strain fatigue behavior.The present report surveys the influence of hold time on low-cycle fatigue failure at constant temperature.It covers most of the papers listed under Subject 3 of the 1968 Bibliography,together with some more-recent papers.Acknowledgements The helpful comments of the members of MPC Subcommittee 3,who reviewed the draft of this report,are gratefully acknowledged:THE METAL PROPERTIES COUNCIL Subcommittee 3-Fatigue Curran,R.M.(Chairman)(General Electric Company)Baker,C.(Reynolds Metals Co.)Berry,W.R.(Westinghouse Electric Corp.)Bodzin,J.J.(Detroit Edison Co.)Bradbury,T.G.(Steel Company of Canada)Epstein,S.G.(The Aluminum Association)Esztergar,E.P.(Gulf General Atomics)Fox,H.S.(Tennessee Valley Authority)Ives,K.D.(U.S.Steel Corporation)Kenig,M.J.(Drexel Institute of Technology)Lawton,C.E.(Combustion Engineering Inc.)Leven,M.M.(Westinghouse Research Labs.)Lemcoe,M.M.(Battelle Memorial Institute)Melilii,A.S.(General Electric Company)Murphy,J.J.(M.W.Kellogg Co.)Nordmark,G.E.(Aluminum Company of America)Smith,G.V.(Consulting Engineer)Sutherland,J.G.(Aluminium Laboratories Ltd.)Timo.D.P.(General Electric Co.)Traexler,J.F.(Westinghouse Electric Corp.)Tyler,C.M.Jr.,(Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp.)Ullinger,R.L.(American Electric Power Service Corp.)Weldon,R.P.(Foster Wheeler Corp.)Wundt,B.M.(Consultant to Subcommittee)Zwilsky,K.M.(Atomic Energy Commission)We especially express our appreciation to the organizations who have permitted us to reproduce original illustrations.These are listed in the references.iii Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:05:04 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.HOLD-TIME EFFECTS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE A LITERATURE SURVEY AND INTERPRETIVE REPORT E.Krempll and B.M.Wundt2 ABSTRACT A literature survey was made of the effect of hold time on the deformation and fracture-behavior during low-cycle fatigue loading at elevated temperature.The need for such investigations is traced back to the operational conditions of power generation,chemical processing and flight propulsion plants.Hold time is shown to have a significant influence on the cyclic strain hardening(softening)behavior and on cycles to failure.The effect depends on the nature of the surrounding atmosphere.Stress analysis and failure criteria have to be modified to account for these time dependent effects.The presently available design ap-proaches are reviewed and recommendations for future research are given.KEY WORDS:Fatigue(materials),high temperature tests,fractures(materials),life(durability),cyclic loads,stress cycle,plastic deformation,thermal stress,strains,crack propagation,damage,design,stress relaxation,creep properties,austenitic stainless steels,alloy steels,review,evaluation.IAssociate Professor,Mechanics Division,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy,New York.2Consultant,Schenectady,New York.iv Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:05:04 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.NOMENCLATURE Aepr=plastic strain due to stress relaxation/in/in Aep=plastic strain range/in/in Act=total strain range/in/in emax=maximum strain/in/in emin=minimum strain/in/in Aec=creep strain accumulated during hold time in stress control/in/in es=secon