ASTM_F_2219_-_14.pdf

Designation:F221914An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMeasuring High-Speed Bat Performance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measur-ing the bat-ball coefficient of restitution(BBCOR),derivingthe ball exit speed ratio(BESR),and calculating a batted-ballspeed(BBS).It is applicable to baseball and softball bats ofany construction or material.The test methods provide quan-titative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be usedfor comparison purposes.1.2 The BBCOR,BESR,and BBS are each calculated frommeasurements taken in the laboratory on test equipmentmeeting the requirements defined in this standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-tution(COR)of Baseballs and SoftballsF1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-balls and SoftballsF2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia andCenter of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball BatF2845 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Stiffness(DS)and Cylindrical Coefficient of Restitution(CCOR)ofBaseballs and Softballs3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 balance point(BP),ndistance to the center of massfrom the knob end of the bat.3.1.2 ball exit speed ratio(BESR),nratio of ball exitspeed to the ball inbound speed plus12.3.1.3 bat-ball coeffcient of restitution(BBCOR),nCORof a specific ball colliding with a bat.3.1.4 batted ball speed(BBS),nthe speed that a ballwould be hit off a bat in play based on given pitch and batspeeds.3.1.5 coeffcient of restitution(COR),nmeasure of impactefficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects afterimpact divided by the relative speed of the objects beforeimpact.3.1.6 cylindrical coeffcient of restitution(CCOR),ntheratio of the rebound to incoming speed of a ball impacting asolid rigid cylinder.3.1.7 dynamic stiffness(DS),na normalized measure ofthe ball impact force having units of stiffness(lb/in.or kN/m).It is obtained by dividing the square of the peak force betweenthe ball and impact surface by the ball mass and the square ofthe incoming ball speed.3.1.8 moment of inertia(MOI),nmeasure of mass distri-bution relative to an axis of rotation.It is the product of themass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,summed over the entire bat.3.1.9 test sponsor,ngroup,association or individual speci-fying test requirements including ball specifications,perfor-mance measure,and test speed.4.Significance and Use4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quanti-tatively compare the performance of baseball and softball bats.4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitativemetrics of bat performance.5.Apparatus and Equipment5.1 Test BallsBaseballs or softballs as determined by thetest sponsor.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published June 2014.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2219 13.DOI:10.1520/F2219-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.1.1 Ball specification values are to be recorded and tracedto individual balls.5.2 Bat-Ball Test Apparatus:5.2.1 Ball CannonA device capable of shooting a ball atspeeds up to 220 ft/s(67.1 m/s,150 mph).Balls shall beoriented to impact the strike surface between the stitches.Typical pitching machines cannot yield the aiming accuracyrequired by these test methods.Cannon exhaust air must notcause motion of the bat in the absence of an impact.5.2.2 Ball Speed GateLight screens capable of measuringa ball traveling at speeds up to 220 ft/s(67.1 m/s,150 mph),with an accuracy of at least 60.7 ft/s(60.2 m/s).The deviceshall measure across a length