ASTM_F_2192_-_05_2011.pdf

Designation:F219205(Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining and Reporting the Berthing Energy andReaction of Marine Fenders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2192;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONA marine fender is an energy-absorbing device that is typically secured against the face of a marinefacility or a ships hull for the purpose of attenuating the forces inherent in arresting the motion ofberthing vessels safely.Most modern fenders fall into three general classifications based on thematerial used to absorb energy:(1)solid rubber fenders in which the material absorbs the energy,(2)pneumatic(air-filled)fenders in which air absorbs the energy,and(3)foam-filled fenders in which thefoam core absorbs the energy.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the recommended proceduresfor quantitative testing,reporting,and verifying the energyabsorption and reaction force of marine fenders.Marinefenders are available in a variety of basic types with severalvariations of each type and multiple sizes and stiffnesses foreach variation.Depending on the particular design,marinefenders may also include integral components of steel,com-posites,plastics,or other materials.All variations shall beperformance tested and reported according to this test method.1.2 There are three performance variables:berthing energy,reaction,and deflection.There are two methods used todevelop rated performance data(RPD)and published perfor-mance curves for the three performance variables.1.3 The primary focus is on fenders used in berthside andship-to-ship applications for marine vessels.This testing pro-tocol does not address small fendering“bumpers”used inpleasure boat marinas,mounted to hulls of work boats,or usedin similar applications;it does not include durability testing.Itsprimary purpose is to ensure that engineering data reported inmanufacturers catalogues are based upon common testingmethods.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Significance and Use3.1 General:3.1.1 All testing shall define fender performance undervelocities that decrease linearly or that are proportional to thesquare root of percent of remaining rated energy.3.1.2 Rated performance data(RPD)and manufacturerspublished performance curves or tables,or both,shall be basedon:(1)initial deflection(berthing)velocity of 0.15 m/s anddecreasing to no more than 0.005 m/s at test end,(2)testing offully broken-in fenders(break-in testing is not required forpneumatic fenders),(3)testing of fenders stabilized at 23 65C(excluding pneumatic fenders;see 6.3),(4)testing offenders at 0 angle of approach,and(5)deflection(berthing)frequency of not less than 1 h(use a minimum 5-min deflectionfrequency for pneumatic fenders.).3.1.3 Catalogues shall also include nominal performancetolerances as well as data and methodology to adjust perfor-mance curves or tables or both for application parameters1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published May 2011.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2192 05.DOI:10.1520/F2192-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 different from RPD conditions.Adjustment factors shall beprovided for the following variables:(1)other initial velocities:0.05,0.10,0.20,0.25,and 0.30 m/s;(2)other temperatures:+50,+40,+30,+10,0,10,20,30;and(3)other contactangles:3,5,8,10,15.In addition,RPD shall contain acautionary statement that published data do not necessarilyapply to constant-load and cyclic-loading conditions.In suchcases,designers are to contact fender manufacturers for designassistance.3.1.4 Adjustment factors for velocity and temperature shallbe provided for every catalogue compound or other energyabsorbing material offered by each manufacture