ASTM_F_1993_-_99.pdf

Designation:F 1993 99Standard Classification ofHuman Search and Rescue Resources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1993;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This classification is intended to aid search and rescue(SAR)managers in ordering resources for search and rescueincidents and to aid in communicating the types of tasks forwhich search and rescue crews have been trained.1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to theresource typing specifications of the Incident Command Sys-tem and specifically as a means of typing human resourcesused in search and rescue activities.1.3 This classification is suitable for classfying search andrescue crews for a wide variety of emergency managementpurposes.1.4 This classification does not attempt to classify individu-als or put forth standards of performance or training forindividuals,nor is it meant to convey certification,skillproficiency or other measures of the level of performance ofthe resource.These qualifications are the responsibility of thelocal agencies responsible for utilizing the resource.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search2F 1848 Classification of Search and Rescue Dog Crews/Teams22.2NFPA Standard:NFPA 1670 Operation and Training for Technical RescueIncidents32.3International Fire Service Training Association Stan-dard:ICS 420 Incident Command System Field OperationsGuide43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology not defined in this guide butreferenced in the text can be found in Guide F 1633 andClassification F 1848.3.1.1 wilderness,nan uncultivated,uninhabited and natu-ral area,usually but not necessarily,far from human civiliza-tions and trappings.3.1.1.1 DiscussionWilderness areas often include collec-tions of various environments such as forests,mountains,deserts,natural parks,animal refuges,rain forests and so forth.Depending upon terrain and environmental factors,a wilder-ness can be as little as a few minutes into the backcountry orless than a few feet off the roadway.(NFPA 1670)4.Significance and Use4.1 Typing of human resources in SAR is based upon thebuilding and deployment of crews and teams for specific tasks.Because of the wide variety of tasks which are performedduring SAR incidents,three common types of resources areacknowledged:search;rescue;and untrained resources.4.2 The nature of typical search and rescue incidents in localjurisdictions and the financial resources of the local jurisdictionwill dictate which types and kinds of resources will bemaintained by the jurisdictions.Not all types or kinds ofresources are expected to be available in all jurisdictions.4.3 Kind classifications of human resources are based uponthe specific environments in which SAR crews are asked towork.Specialties,of which there are many,within each of thekind classifications are not acknowledged by this classification.It is up to the jurisdiction ordering resources to ascertainwhether additional subcategories of kind classifications areappropriate for the task at hand.These categories might includespecial capabilities for weather or terrain extremes,or for anyother unusual circumstances or requirements.4.4 SAR crews may be classified as more than one kind butnot as more than one type.5.Classification of Human Search and Rescue ResourceTypes5.1 There are four types of human search and rescueresources,as follows:5.1.1 Type ICrews trained in both search and rescuetechniques,5.1.2 Type IICrews trained in search techniques,5.1.3 Type IIICrews trained in rescue techniques,and5.1.4 Type IVCrews untrained in either search or rescuetechniques.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved October 10,1999.Published December 1999.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 13.02.3Available from National Fire Protection Association,1 Batterymarch Park,POBox,9101,Quincy,MA 022699101.4Available from the International Fire Service Training Association,FireProtection Publications,Oklahoma State University,Stillwater,OK 74078.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.Classification of Human Search and Rescue ResourceKinds6.1 There are twelve kinds of human search and rescueresources,as follows:6.1.1 Kind AWilderness;crew/team trained to work inwilderness areas of varied terrain,6.1.2 Kind BUrban;crew/team trained to work in urbanareas,6.1.3 Kind CMountainous;crew/team trained to work inmountainous and alpine terrain and with both high and lowangle rescue systems,6.1.4 Kind DDisaster/collapsed structure;crew/teamtrained to work in failed manm