_MNL_52-2005.pdf

An Introduction to the Development and Use of the Master Curve Method Donald E.McCabe,John G.Merkle,and Kim Wallin ASTM Stock Number:MNL52 INTERNATIONAL Standards Worldwide ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,USA Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCabe,Donald E.,1934-An introduction to the development and use of the master curve method/Donald E.McCabe,John G.Merkle,and Kim Wallin.p.cm.-(ASTM manual series;MNL 52)Incudes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-3368-5(alk.paper)1.Structural analysis(Engineering)I.Merkle,J.G.II.Wallin,Kim.III.Tide.IV.Series.TA645.M21 2005 620.1126-dc22 2005007604 Copyright 2005 ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of spe-cific clients,is granted by ASTM International(ASTM)provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:httpJAvww.copyright.corrd.ISBN 0-8031-3368-5 ASTM Stock Number:MNL 52 The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Lancaster,PA May 2005 Foreword This publication,An Introduction to the Development and Use of the Master Curve Method,was sponsored by Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and El0 on Nuclear Technology and Applications.It was authored by Donald E.McCabe,Consultant,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,Tennessee;John G.Merkle,Consultant,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,Tennessee;and Professor Kim Wallin,VTT Industrial Systems,Espoo,Finland.This publication is Manual 52 of ASTMs manual series.Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program,which is sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research,US Nuclear Regulatory Commission,under interagency agreement DOE 1886-N695-3W with the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT Battelle,LLC,for supporting,in part,the preparation of this document.The authors also wish to express appreciation for the assistance provided by the ORNL-HSSI project manager,Dr.T.M.Rosseel,and for the manuscript prepara-tion work of Ms.Pam Hadley and the graphics assistance of Mr.D.G.Cottrell.Contents 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5,0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Preface.1 1.1 Nomenclature.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Background.5 Historical Aspect.5 Concept Discovery(Landes/Shaffer 12).6 Engineering Adaptation(Wallin 17).8 Application to Round Robin Data.10 Master Curve.11 2.5.1 Median Versus Scale Parameter Option.12 2.5.2 Supporting Evidence.13 Kjc Data Validity Requirements.15 3.1 Data Duplication Needs.15 3.2 Specimen Size Requirements.15 3.3 Limit on Slow-Stable Crack Growth,ap.16 Test Specimens.18 Test Equipment.22 5.1 Compact Specimen Fixtures.22 5.2 Bend Bar Fixtures.22 5.3 Clip Gages.23 5.4 Cryogenic Cooling Chambers.23 Pre-Cracking and Side-Grooving of Specimens.26 6.1 Pre-Cracking.26 6.2 Side-Grooving.26 Test Practices.28 Fracture Toughness Calculations.30 8.1 Calculation of J-Integral.30 8.2 Calculation of Jp.30 8.3 Calculation of Je.30 8.4 Crack Mouth Data.32 8.5 Units of Measure.32 9.0 Determination of Scale Parameter,(Ko-Kmi n).33 9.1 Testing at One Appropriately Selected Test Temperature.33 9.2 Equations for the Scale Parameter.35 9.2.1 All Valid Data at One Test Temperature.35 9.2.2 Valid Plus Invalid Data at One Test Temperature.35 10.0 Determination of Reference Temperature,T O.36 10.1 The Single Temperature Method.36 10.2 The Multi-Temperature Method.36 11.0 Development of Tolerance Bounds.38 11.1 Standard Deviation Method(E 1921-97).38 11.2 Cumulative Probability Method(E 1921-02).39 11.3 Margin Adjustment to the T o Temperature.40 12.0 Concepts Under Study.42 12.1 Consideration of the Pre-Cracked Charpy Specimen.42 12.2 Dealing with Macroscopically Inhomogeneous Steels.42 12.2.1 A Maximum Likelihood Estimate for Random Homogeneity.44 13.0 Applications.46 13.1 Example Applications.46 13.2 Use of Tolerance Bounds.46 13.3 Possible Commercial Applications.47 13.4 Application to Other Grades of Steels.48 13.5 Special Design Application Problems.48 References.51 Appendix.55 Index.65 MNL52-EB/May 2005 Preface THE PRESENT MANUAL IS WR1TTEN AS EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL FOR non-specialists in the field of fracture mechanics.The intention is to introduce a concept that can be understood and used by engineers who have had limited expo-sure to elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and/or advanced statistical methods.Such subjects are covered in detail in USNRC NUREG/CR-5504 1.Section 2 explains why the application of fracture mechanics to ordinary structural steels has b