ASTM_F_1945_-_05_2011.pdf

Designation:F194505(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining the Lightfastness of Ink Jet Prints Exposed toIndoor Fluorescent Lighting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1945;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers an accelerated procedure intendedto determine the lightfastness of ink jet prints in officeenvironments where overhead fluorescent light is used forillumination.1.2 This practice describes two methods based on Method IIand Method III from D4674,in which specimens are exposedto cool white VHO fluorescent lamps(Method II)and coolwhite fluorescent lamps(Method III)under controlled environ-mental conditions.1.3 Two criteria are used to determine relative lightfastness:color change and optical density.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.1.5 There is no known ISO equivalent standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3424 Practice for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastnessand Weatherability of Printed MatterD4674 Practice forAccelerated Testing for Color Stability ofPlastics Exposed to Indoor Office EnvironmentsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent LightApparatus forUV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 ANSI Standard3:ANSI/NAPM IT9.91990 Stability of Color PhotographicImagesMethods for MeasuringIT2.171995Annex A1 Density MeasurementsPart 4:Geo-metric Conditions for Reflection Density,Backing Mate-rial3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-cable to this practice.3.1.2 ink jet mediasubstrates used by ink jet printers toreceive inks.The substrate may be paper,plastic,canvas,fabric,or other ink receptive material.The substrate may,ormay not be,coated with one or more ink receptive layers.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Printed ink jet media are exposed to radiant energy fromcool white fluorescent lamps.The exposure duration is basedon radiant exposure in kJ/m2monitored either(1)in the UVregion between 250 and 400 nm(Method II of Test MethodD4674)or(2)in the UV/visible region between 300 and 800nm(Method III of Test Method D4674).Radiant exposure isthe product of irradiance W/m2 and the exposure time,inhours.4.2 The duration of the exposure may vary widely depend-ing on the lightfastness of the ink/media and whether MethodII or Method III from Test Method D4674 was used.4.3 During the course of the exposure,the color changes andoptical densities of the printed samples are periodically evalu-ated.The color change after each period of exposure is1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1945 05.DOI:10.1520/F1945-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street,4th Floor,NewYork,10036.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 determined by comparison of the exposed specimens to unex-posed specimens,using either visual or instrumentalprocedures,and reported as color difference,DE.The change inoptical density is determined instrumentally and reported aspercent retained density.Results are compared with changes ina control specimen exposed at the same time.4.4 Exposures are conducted for a duration agreed upon byall interested parties.Test and control specimens are periodi-cally removed for color measurement and optical density.5.Significance and Use5.1 Lightfastness of printed ink jet media for specifiedperiods of time is pertinent to the end use of these materials.Since the ability of ink