ASTM_F_1872_-_12.pdf

Designation:F187212Standard Guide forUse of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents:Environmentaland Operational Considerations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1872;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of chemical cleaning agentson oiled shorelines.This guide is not applicable to otherchemical agents nor to the use of such products in open waters.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information thatwill enable spill responders to decide whether to use chemicalshoreline cleaning agents as part of the oil spill cleanupresponse.1.3 This is a general guide only.It is assumed that condi-tions at the spill site have been assessed and that theseconditions are suitable for the use of cleaning agents.It isassumed that permission has been obtained to use the chemicalagents.Variations in the behavior of different types of oil arenot dealt with in this guide and may change some of theparameters noted herein.1.4 This guide covers two different types of shorelinecleaners:those that disperse oil into the water and those thatdisperse little oil into the water under low energy levels.Theselection criteria for these two types can differ widely.Thisguide does not cover dispersants.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess OilingConditions on Shorelines3.Significance and Use3.1 This guide is primarily intended to assist decision-makers and spill-responders in contingency planning,spillresponse,and training.3.2 This guide is not specific to site or type of oil.4.Background4.1 Chemical shoreline cleaning agents are formulationsdesigned to be applied to oil and to remove oil from theshoreline above the low water line.4.2 Chemical shoreline cleaning agents are generally useddifferently from chemical dispersants,which are used to treatoil spills in offshore waters.4.3 Chemical shoreline cleaning agents are sometimesknown as surface washing agents,shoreline cleaners,or beachcleaners.4.4 The basic application method for shoreline cleaningagents is to spray the product onto the oil and leave the agentto penetrate the oil and then either flush away the oil or let arising tide wash it away.The oil may be washed directly intocontainment areas for recovery(1).34.5 The fundamental advantage of using a shoreline clean-ing agent is that oil can be removed rapidly without usingexcessive temperatures or pressures,which can be harmful tobiota on and in shorelines(1-3).4.6 Laboratory effectiveness tests have been developed andmany products have been tested(1,4,5).Field effectivenesstests have been developed(1).4.7 Laboratory testing shows that effectiveness may differ insaltwater and freshwater(1).4.8 There are differences in action mechanisms betweendispersants and shoreline cleaning agents.Composition of thetwo products differ(1,6).1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on Treatment.Current edition approved Jan.1,2012.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1872-05.DOI:10.1520/F1872-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.9 Before specialized products were developed,dispersantswere used as shoreline cleaning agents with varying results(7).4.10 The aquatic toxicity of the treating agents varieswidely and is a factor in choosing products(1,8).4.11 The amount of oil dispersed into water primarilydepends on energy used to remove the oil from the substrate,especially for dispersing shoreline treating agents.The energylevel is difficult to measure,but may be estimated fromindicators such as the pressure of the rinse water(1).4.12 The ease of oil removal from a beach depends verymuch on the type of oil,its degree of weathering and the typeof beach.For example,a highly-weathered oil is difficult toremove by any means(1,2).5.Genera