ASTM_F_1857_-_01_2011.pdf

Designation:F185701(Reapproved 2011)Standard Terminology Relating toInk Jet Printers and Images Made Therefrom1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1857;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.ScopeThe definitions in this terminology relate directly or indi-rectly to business imaging hard copy printing using ink jetprinters.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:backside density,nthe optical density of ink image ontopside of a substrate as measured from the backside of themedia on which it was printed.banding,nuniform density variations or voids in a givencolor which appear in the direction that the printhead travels.bleed,nink feathering of one color into an adjacent colorover time.bleed through,nthe diffusion of ink through the substrate.blocking,nimage is transferred upon contact from onesubstrate to another substrate which may cause the images orsubstrate coatings,or both,to stick to one another.See alsotransference,offset.bronzing,nan image which has a bronze sheen.corona,nchemical separation of ink dispersant and pigmentcaused by interaction with substrate which appears as animage with a dark center surrounded by a lighter shadow.cascading,na condition where ink is absorbed into thesubstrate before it has time to spread,causing negative stitchlines or low density bands between print swaths in solidimage areas.circularity,nratio of a single ink dot height divided by itswidth with 1.0 being a perfect circle.coalescence,nthe puddling or pooling of adjacent ink dropson the substrate before they can be dried or absorbedresulting in nonuniformity of color density.cracking,na condition where ink that has been absorbed intoa substrate causes the coating to shrink to a state muchsmaller than the original coating dimension causing fracturesin the image area.crystallization,na condition where ink evaporates andforms crystals.curl,na phenomenon in which the edges of a paper substratebend towards the center of the paper.dry cockle,na wave pattern which is apparent after inkdrying.dry time,na measure of the rate of ink absorption into asubstrate to the point at which no image transfer,smear,orsurface damage occurs when in contact with another surface.DISCUSSIONThe dry time for text or lines is different than that ofsolid areas.feathering,nink spread over substrate causing fuzzy edges,spidery lines and poor print quality.See also wicking.halo,na shadow image created by ink interaction.See alsocorona.head signature,na condition where one pass of jets overlapsthe next pass causing positive stitch lines.See also stitchlines.intercolor feathering,ninstantaneous ink spread into adja-cent inks.lightfastness,nability of an image to resist fading onexposure to different lighting conditions.migration,nink spreading over a long period of time.Seealso feathering.mottling,nnon-uniformity of image density which followspatterns in the substrate or by non-uniform ink-substrateinteraction.offset,nunintentional transfer of ink(as from a freshlyprinted substrate).oil resistance,nthe ability of a substrate to resist oil presenton human fingers.residual density,noptical density of image after exposure tolight or water.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 onBusiness Imaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.01on Nomenclature and Definitions.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1857 01(2006).DOI:10.1520/F1857-01R11.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 satellite,nextraneous or undesirable ink droplets.See alsospatter,spray.show through,noptical density of an image on the backsideof a printed area.smear fastness,nthe ability of an ink and substrate combi-nation to resist ink transfer from a printed area to anunprinted area when swiped by objects or instruments.snap,nvivid color imagery,high chroma color.spatter,na type of extraneous or undesirable ink dropletoriginating when a portion of an ink droplet strikes theintended area and is deflected to an unintended area.spray,na type of extraneous or undesirable ink dot near theprinted zones which originate from the printheadstarwheel,n(also called pick off)when the feed mechanismof a printer digs into the inked surface.streaks,na print defect which appears as light bands in theprinted area in the direction of the printhead travel.strike through,nink vehicle penetrates the substrate and isvisible on the opposite side.stitch,nthe image laid down in a single traverse of aprinthead across the printer.stitch lines,nthe relationship between consecutive passes ofprinthead when printing a solid image area.transference,nproces