ASTM_F_792_-_08.pdf

Designation:F79208Standard Practice forEvaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-RaySystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F792;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray based screeningsystems,with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide 1 m high,whether it is a conventional X-ray system or an explosivesdetection system(EDS)that provides a projection orprojection/scatter image for an operator to interpret.1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for thescreening for prohibited items such as weapons,explosives,and explosive devices in baggage,packages,cargo,or mail.1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitativemethods for evaluating the systems.This practice does notestablish minimum performance requirements for any particu-lar application.1.4 This practice relies upon the use of a standard test object(ASTM X-ray Test Object)to determine the applicable perfor-mance levels of the systems.The specific test object issubsequently described and referred to in this document as the“Test Object.”1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B258 Specification for Nominal Diameters and Cross-SectionalAreas ofAWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Usedas Electrical ConductorsE1025 Practice for Design,Manufacture,and MaterialGrouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-dicators(IQI)Used for RadiologyE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1647 Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Ra-diologyF1039 Test Method for Measurement of Low LevelX-Radiation Used in X-Ray Security Screening Systems(Withdrawn 2002)42.2 ASTM Adjuncts:30 Autocad Drawings52.3 Other Documents:Part 21 Code of Federal Regulations,Section 1020.40 Cabi-net X-ray Systems(United States)6Health&Safety Regulation 1333(United Kingdom)3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 contrast sensitivitya measure of the minimumchange in an object that produces a perceptible brightnesschange in the radiological image on a monitor.3.1.2 effective atomic number(Z eff)the effective atomicnumber of a chemical compound or mixture of compounds is1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 onControlled Access Security,Search,and Screening Equipment.Current edition approved Oct.1,2008.Published November 2008.Originallyapproved in 1982.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F792 012.DOI:10.1520/F0792-08.2Examples are Part 21 Code of Federal Regulations,Section 1020.40 in theUnited States and Health&Safety Regulation 1333 in the United Kingdom.If film safety,defined as 2.5810-7C/kg(1 mR)per screening,is ofimportance,refer to Test Method F1039.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF0792.6Available from the United States Government Printing Office,732 NorthCapitol St.NW,Washington,DC 20401.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 the atomic number of a single hypothetical element that wouldexhibit essentially identical X-ray attenuation characteristics.3.1.3 explosivea material that can be detonated,that is,undergo a chemical reaction,expand suddenly,and create ashock wave.3.1.4 explosive devicea device containing explosives,adetonator,a timer/switch and an energy source.3.1.5 imagequalityindicator(IQI)inindustrialradiography,a device or combination of devices whose dem-onstrated image or images provide visual or quantitative data,or both,to determine radiological quality and sensitivity.E13163.1.6 IQI sensitivityin radiography,the minimum discern-ible image and the designated hole in the plaque type or thedesignated wire image in the wire type IQI.E13163.1.7 organic differentiationthe ability of an X-ray systemto differentiate,on a video monitor,between organic materialsof different effective atomic numbers.3.1.8 organic/inorganic differentiationthe ability of anX-ray system to differentiate,