ASTM_F_2792_-_12a.pdf

Designation:F279212aStandard Terminology forAdditive Manufacturing Technologies1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2792;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology includes terms,definitions of terms,descriptions of terms,nomenclature,and acronyms associatedwith additive-manufacturing(AM)technologies in an effort tostandardize terminology used by AM users,producers,re-searchers,educators,press/media and others.NOTE1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will reviewdefinitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is stillaccurate as stated.Revisions will be made when determined to benecessary.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standard:3ISO 10303-1:1994 Industrial automation systems and inte-gration-Product data representation and exchange-Part1:Overview and fundamental principles3.Significance and Use3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standardwere created by this subcommittee.This standard does notpurport to address safety concerns associated with the use ofAM technologies.It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use of additive manufacturing.4.Additive Manufacturing Process Categories4.1 The following terms provide a structure for groupingcurrent and future AM machine technologies.These terms areuseful for educational and standards-development purposesand are intended to clarify which machine types share process-ing similarities.For many years,the additive manufacturingindustry lacked categories for grouping AM technologies,which made it challenging educationally and when communi-cating information in both technical and non-technical settings.These process categories enable one to discuss a category ofmachines,rather than needing to explain an extensive list ofcommercial variations of a process methodology.binder jetting,nan additive manufacturing process in whicha liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to joinpowder materials.directed energy deposition,nan additive manufacturingprocess in which focused thermal energy is used to fusematerials by melting as they are being deposited.DISCUSSION9Focused thermal energy9 means that an energy source(e.g.,laser,electron beam,or plasma arc)is focused to melt thematerials being deposited.material extrusion,nan additive manufacturing process inwhich material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle ororifice.material jetting,nan additive manufacturing process inwhich droplets of build material are selectively deposited.DISCUSSIONExample materials include photopolymer and wax.powder bed fusion,nan additive manufacturing process inwhich thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powderbed.sheet lamination,nan additive manufacturing process inwhich sheets of material are bonded to form an object.vat photopolymerization,nan additive manufacturing pro-cess in which liquid photopolymer in a vat is selectivelycured by light-activated polymerization.5.Terminology5.1 Definitions:3D printer,na machine used for 3D printing.3D printing,nthe fabrication of objects through the deposi-tion of a material using a print head,nozzle,or anotherprinter technology.DISCUSSIONTerm often used synonymously with additive manufac-turing;in particular associated with machines that are low end in priceand/or overall capability.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee F42 on AdditiveManufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF42.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved March 1,2012.Published March 2012.Originallyapproved in 2009.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F279212.DOI:10.1520/F2792-12A.2Through a mutual agreement withASTM International(ASTM),the Society ofManufacturing Engineers(SME)contributed the technical expertise of its RTAMCommunity members to ASTM to be used as the technical foundation for thisASTM standard.SME and its membership continue to play an active role inproviding technical guidance to the ASTM standards development process.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20579Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3D scanning,na method of acquiring the shape and size ofan object as a 3-dimensional representation by recordingx,y,z coordinates on the objects surface and through soft-ware the collection of points is converted into digital data.DISCUSSIONTypical methods use some amount of automation,coupled with a touch probe