ASTM_F_1976_-_13.pdf

Designation:F197613An American National StandardStandard Test Method forImpact Attenuation of Athletic Shoe Cushioning Systemsand Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1976;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the use of a gravity-drivenimpact test to measure certain impact attenuation characteris-tics of cushioning systems and cushioning materials employedin the soles of athletic shoes.1.2 This test method uses an 8.5 kg mass dropped from aheight of 30-70 mm to generate force-time profiles that arecomparable to those observed during heel and forefoot impactsduring walking,running and jump landings.1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and orforefoot regions of whole,intact athletic shoe cushioningsystems.An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all ofthe layers of material between the wearers foot and the groundsurface that are normally considered a part of the shoe.Thismay include any of the following components:outsole or otherabrasion resistant outer layer,a midsole of compliant cushion-ing materials or structures forming an intermediate layer,aninsole,insole board,or other material layers overlying themidsole,parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcementwhich extend beneath the foot,and an insock,sockliner orother cushioning layers,either fixed or removable,inside theshoe.1.4 This test method may also be employed in to measurethe impact attenuation of cushioning system components andcushioning material specimens.1.5 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoesclassified by the manufacturer as childrens shoes.1.6 The type,size or dimensions and thickness of thespecimen,the total energy input and prior conditioning shallqualify test results obtained by this test method.1.6.1 The range of tests results is limited by the calibratedrange of the test devices force transducer.Combinations ofthin specimens,high specimen stiffness and high total energyinput may produce forces that exceed the transducers capacityand are hence not measurable.In practice,the specified forcetransducer range(10 kN)accommodates more than 99%oftypical shoe soles and cushioning material specimens that are7 mm or more in thickness at a total energy input of 5 Joules.1.6.2 The nominal value of the total energy input applied bythis test method is 5 J for shoes,such as running shoes,whichare subject to moderate impacts during normal use.Totalenergy inputs of 7.0 J and 3.0 J may be used for shoes(e.gbasketball shoes)which are subject to higher impact loadsduring normal use.Other values of total energy input may beused,if they are stated in the report.1.6.3 Results from tests performed with different totalenergy inputs or with different masses are not directly compa-rable.1.6.4 Specimen thickness has a significant effect on impactattenuation outcomes.Consequently,results from tests ofmaterial specimens of different thicknesses cannot be directlycompared.1.6.5 The impact attenuation of cushioning materials maychange over time and with use(e.g.wear or durability testing)or prior conditioning(e.g.from previous tests).Consequently,test results obtained using this test method shall be qualified bythe age and prior conditioning of the samples.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF1614 Test Method for Shock Attenuating Properties of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.54 on Athletic Footwear.Current edition approved May 1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1976 06.DOI:10.1520/F1976-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Materials Systems for Athletic Footwear(Withdrawn2014)3F2650 Terminology Relating to Impact Testing of SportsSurfaces and Equipment3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of term