ASTM_G_134_-_95_2010e1.pdf

Designation:G13495(Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Method forErosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G134;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated Section 3 to reflect Terminology G4010b editorially in December 2010.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used tocompare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials.Asubmerged cavitating jet,issuing from a nozzle,impinges on atest specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it,thereby causing erosion.The test is carried out under specifiedconditions in a specified liquid,usually water.This test methodcan also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability ofvarious liquids.1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holdershape and size,the specimen size and its method of mounting,and the minimum test chamber size.Procedures are describedfor selecting the standoff distance and one of several standardtest conditions.Deviation from some of these conditions ispermitted where appropriate and if properly documented.Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus,test andreporting procedures,and the precautions to be taken.Standardreference materials are specified;these must be used to verifythe operation of the facility and to define the normalizederosion resistance of other materials.1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed,one using testliquids which can be run to waste,for example,tap water,andthe other using liquids which must be recirculated,for ex-ample,reagent water or various oils.Slightly different testcircuits are required for each type.1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test MethodG32.In that method,cavitation is induced by vibrating asubmerged specimen at high frequency(20 kHz)with aspecified amplitude.In the present method,cavitation isgenerated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity andthe downstream pressure(which causes the bubble collapse)can be varied independently.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesB160 Specification for Nickel Rod and BarB211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold Finished Bar,Rod,and WireD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG32 Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using VibratoryApparatusG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionG73 Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion UsingRotating Apparatus2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Manufacturing Drawings of the Apparatus33.Terminology3.1 See Terminology G40 for definitions of terms relating tocavitation erosion.For convenience,definitions of some im-portant terms used in this test method are reproduced below.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 cavitation,nthe formation and subsequent collapse,within a liquid,of cavities or bubbles that contain vapor or amixture of vapor and gas.3.2.1.1 DiscussionCavitation originates from a local de-crease in hydrostatic pressure in the liquid,usually producedby motion of the liquid(see flow cavitation)or of a solid1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wearand Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion bySolids and Liquids.Current edition approved Dec.1,2010.Published December 2010.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as G13495(2006).DOI:10.1520/G0134-95R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJG0134.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 boundary(see vibratory cavitation).It is distinguished in thisway from boiling,which originates from an increase in liquidtemperature.3.2.1.2 DiscussionThe term cavitation,by itself,shouldnot be used to denote the damage or erosion of a solid surfacethat can be caused by it;this effect of cavitation is termedcavitation damage or cavitation erosion.To erode a solidsurface,bubbles or cavities must collapse on or near thatsurface.G403.2.2 cavitation er