ASTM_F_873_-_84_2003.pdf

Designation:F 873 84(Reapproved 2003)Standard Guide forIncinerating Oil Spill Wastes at Temporary Field Locations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 873;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide addresses incineration as a means of wastedisposal and specifically discusses incinerating oil spill wastesat temporary field locations.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user withgeneral information on incineration as a means of disposal,notto define a rigid set of standards.It is intended as a referenceto plan or execute disposal by incineration.1.3 This guide outlines procedures and describes someequipment that can be applied to a land-based field incinerationprocess.Included in the guide is a description of typical oilspill wastes that can be incinerated;an outline of procedures toselect,prepare,operate,and restore a temporary site;and asummary of general site safety considerations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section.72.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 fielda location designed during an oil spill cleanupfor incinerating oil spill waste material.2.1.2 incinerationcontrolled burning of waste products orother combustible material.2.1.3 incineratora device constructed for the purpose ofcontaining a material for thermal oxidization.2.1.4 landfarminga controlled method of spreading aknown amount of oil in a nominally uniform layer thicknessonto a designated land area for the purpose of biologicaldecomposition.This decomposition process is accelerated bymixing the oil layer with the top few inches of soil,aerating thesoil by occasional plowing and adding fertilizers that includenitrogen and potassium to increase the oil decomposition rate.2.1.5 landfilla land disposal technique that uses excavatedpits to contain the oil spill waste material.The waste is placedin the excavation,covered over,and left to degrade.2.1.6 oil spillAn uncontrolled discharge of petroleummaterials into the environment.2.1.7 on-scene coordinatorthe person in charge of oilspill countermeasures.2.1.8 open burningthe process of burning a materialwithout the aid of an incinerator.2.1.9 portable incineratora device capable of being trans-ported by some practical means to a field location for thepurpose of burning combustible waste products.2.1.10 recyclingany disposal method that uses oil spillwaste material in some manner other than returning it to amarketed product.Examples are road oiling and direct use asfuel supplement.2.1.11 relative viscositythe measured viscosity of anemulsion(in any convenient unit)divided by the measuredviscosity of the oil.2.1.12 reprocessingreclaimed spilled oil by some type oftreatment technique that returns the oil into a product that canbe sold.3.Significance and Use3.1 A series of five basic operations are generally requiredto control an oil spill.These operations are:containment,recovery,transfer,storage,and disposal.A deficiency in anyone of these operations can cause the entire cleanup activity toslow down or even stop.For example,recovery operationsmust be terminated when temporary storage fills to capacityand skimmers are no longer able to offload picked-up oil.Inorder to minimize any adverse effect that the disposal processmight have on the other four operations,proper planning andmanagement of the waste disposal operation is essential.3.2 One way to avoid a slowdown due to the disposalprocess is to select a disposal site near the cleanup activity.Aconvenient site reduces the time necessary to transport thepicked-up material from storage to disposal,thus increasing theefficiency of the overall operation.3.3 Unfortunately all oil spill cleanup locations may not beconvenient to established oil waste disposal areas.In remoteareas travel time to refineries,landfarms,or approved landfillsmay be hours or even days away from the spill.Therefore,itmay be advantageous to establish a temporary field disposalsite near the cleanup operation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.15 on In-Situ Burning.Current edition approved Feb.28,1984.Published May 1984.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.4 An effective disposal method to use at temporary fieldlocations is incineration.Incinerating oily waste does not