_STP_512-1972.pdf

LABORATORY PERFORMANCE TESTSforAUTOMOTIVE GEAR LUBRICANTSintended forAPI GL-4,GL-5,and GL-6 SERVICESSTP 512AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALSANNIVERSARYTHCopyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 21:53:08 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This page intentionally left blank Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 21:53:08 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.LABORATORY PERFORMANCE TESTS FORAUTOMOTIVE GEAR LUBRICANTS INTENDEDFOR API GL-4,GL-5,AND GL-6 SERVICESReport of Section III on Gear Lubricants ofTechnical Division B on Automotive Lubricants,ASTM Committee D-2ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 512List price$3.5004-512000-12This report is made available for informationof those interested in the performance oflubricating oils as a material of engineering.The information is not a standard or a standardrecommended practice of the American SocietyFor Testing and Materials,and has not beensubjected to the ASTM standardization procedure.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 21:53:08 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1972Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:72-76614NOTEThe Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinionsadvanced in this publication.Printed in Alpha,N.J.April 1972cCopyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 21:53:08 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.INTRODUCTIONThe American Petroleum Institute has developed six lubricantService Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions andAxles.Each of these Designations states in qualitativeterms the kind of service in which a gear lubricant isexpected to perform satisfactorily.Both the type of gearsand the operating conditions for the lubricant are includedin each Service Designation.Supplementing of the qualitative API Designations withperformance definitions is needed,particularly for ServiceDesignations GL-4,GL-5,and GL-6.These performance defini-tions include a series of tests and associated minimum per-formance requirements.The tests and requirements for GL-4,GL-5,and GL-6 arepresented in this publication.Appendix XIV presents theprecision data related to these tests.Neither the lubricantclassifications,nor the test techniques listed are ASTMStandards.SCOPEThe purpose of these performance definitions is to providedetailed descriptions of the performance requirements oflubricants for Service GL-4,GL-5,and GL-6 as described byAPI as:API-GL-4 Designates the type of service characteristicof gears,particularly hypoid1 in passenger cars andother automotive type equipment operated under high speed,low torque,and low speed,high torque conditions.API-GL-5 Designates type of service characteristic ofgears,particularly hypoid1 in passenger cars and otherautomotive equipment operated under high speed,shockload;high speed,low torque;and low speed,high torqueconditions.Limited-slip differentials have special lubrication require-ments not included in these Services.A special additionaltest is a part of this publication.11Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 21:53:08 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.API-GL-6 Designates the type of service characteristicof gears/specifically high offset hypoid1 gears(above2.0 inches offset and approaching 25%of ring geardiameter)in passenger cars and other automotive equip-ment operated under high speed,high performanceconditions.Lubricants suitable for this service arethose which provide anti-score protection equal to orgreater than that of Ford Reference Gear Oil L-1000.PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES AND TESTS FORSERVICES GL-4,GL-5,AND GL-6Certain gear lubricant performance qualities are consideredessential for GL-4/GL-5,and GL-6 Services.These qualitiesare specifically required for axle manufacturers servicefill or for U.S.Army specification approval.They arelisted below/each followed by a discussion of the qualityand the applicable tests.Details of the tests are presentedin appendices to this publication.The high level of load-carrying capacity necessary in gearlubricants for GL-4,GL-5/and GL-6 Services requires chemicaladditives.Some additives in combination with some lubricantstocks may result in excessive copper corrosion.The ASTMStandard Method of Test for Copper Strip Corrosion byPetroleum Products/D ISO/is employed for evaluating coppercorrosion.This test is employed at different severity levelsfor GL-4/GL-5/and GL-6 as shown later in the tabula