_STP_474-1970.pdf

CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF EROSION RESISTANCE A symposium presented at the Seventy-second Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Atlantic City,N.J.,22-27 June 1969 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 474 List price$28.75 lj AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 ()BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND VATERIALS 1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:72-108625 ISBN 0-8031-0063-9 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,Md.October 1970 Foreword This publication is a collection of most of the papers presented at the Symposium on Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance,organized by Committee G-2 on Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement in co-operation with the U.S.Office of Naval Research,at the Seventy-second Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held at Atlantic City,N.J.,22-27 June 1969.A Thiruvengadam,Hydro-nautics Inc.,now at Catholic University of America,presided as chairman of the symposium,and F.J.Heyman,Westinghouse Electric Corp.,pre-sided as co-chairman of the symposium.Three of the papers presented at this symposium have been published in other ASTM publications as follows:Surface Damage from High Velocity Flow of Lithium by L.G.Hays and Dynamic Response and Adhesion Failures of Rain Erosion Resistant Coatings by A.F.Corm and A.Thiruvengadam,Journal of Materials,Vol.5,No.3,Sept.1970;and ASTM Round-Robin Test with Vibratory Cavitation and Liquid Impact Facilities of 6061-T 6511 Aluminum Alloys,316 Stainless Steel,and Commercially Pure Nickel by C.Chao,F.G.Hammitt,C.L.Kling,T.M.Mitchell,and D.O.Rogers,Materials Research&Standards,Vol.10,No.10,Oct.1970.They therefore do not appear in this volume.Related ASTM Publications Erosion by Cavitation or Impingement,STP 408(1967),$20.00 Contents Introduction 1 Cavitation and Impact Erosion-Concepts,Correlations,Controversies-PHILLIP EISENBERG 3 Discussion 26 Environmentally Controlled Cavitation Test(Improvements in a Cavitating Film Erosion Test)-J.M.HOBBS AND D.RACHMAN 29 Discussion 47 Cavitation Damage Mechanism and Its Correlation to Physical Properties of Material-MASATO HmOTSU 48 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Cavitation Damage in Sodium-S.G.YOUNG AND J.R.JOHNSTON 67 Discussion 103 Vibratory Tests in Water on the Combined Action of Cavitation and Cor-rosion-R.SCHULMEISTER 109 Comparison of Erosion Resistance of Standard Steam Turbine Blade and Shield Materials on Four Test Rigs-D.ELLIOTT,J.B.MARRIOTT,AND A.SMITH 127 Discussion 160 Cavitation Erosion of a Ship Model Propeller-J.H.J.VAN DER MULES 162 Discussion 181 Some Observations on Erosion by Cavitation and Impingement-G.c.GOULD 182 Discussion 211 Toward Quantitative Prediction of Liquid Impact Erosion-F.J.HEYMANN 212 Discussion 244 Experimental and Analytical Investigations on Liquid Impact ErGion-A.THIRUVENGADAM S.L.RUDY AND M.GUNASEKARAN 249 Discussion 281 A Statistically Verified Model fur Correlating Volume Loss Due to Cavitation or Liquid Impingement-F.G.HAMMITT,Y.C.HUANG,C.L.KLING,T.M.MITCHELL,JR.AND L.P.SOLOMON 288 Discussion 312 Erosion Rate-Velocity Dependence for Materials at Supersonic Speeds-G.F.SCHMITT JR.323 Discussion 350 Rain and Sand Erosion,Phenomena of Material Destruction Caused by Repeated Loads-o.HOFF,W.HERBERT AND H.RIEGER 353 Discussion 376 Hydrodynamic Model of Correlation of Metal Removal Rates from Repeti-tive Drop Impact-w.D.POUCHOT 383 Discussion 408 Analogy Between Erosion Damage and Pitting of Machine Component Surfaces-s.P.KOZIREV 409 Cavitation Damage Resistance and Adhesion of Polymeric Overlay Materials-J,Z.LICHTMAN 422 STP474-EB/Oct.1970 Introduction This symposium was the third on the subject of cavitation and impinge-ment erosion to be sponsored by ASTM,the first two having been held in 1961 and 1966,respectively.The advent of modern engineering systems such as supersonic aircraft and missiles,high-speed naval craft,high tip-speed steam turbines,and liquid metal space power plants has stimu-lated widespread interest in the phenomenon of erosion of materials by cavitation or impingement.This interest is international in scope,as witnessed by similar symposia held in Great Britain in 1965 and in Ger-many in 1965 and 1967.The most significant contribution of these symposia has been the establishment of a common forum for scientists and engineers working on cavitation and impingement erosion and the exchange of useful knowl-edge.As a further step we focused the attention to a specific problem and selected the theme for this symposium as characterization and determina-tion of erosion resistance.This was reflected in several papers presented in this symposium.Some have made significant advances toward defini-tion and characterization of erosion resistance in its own right and toward establishing statistical and physical correlations between this and other mate