ASTM_F_694_-_02e1.pdf

Designation:F 694 02e1Standard Test Method forHeel-Attaching Strength of Womens Shoes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 694;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEPer Committee F13 Bylaws,editorially replaced term definitions with references to Terminology F 1646 in January2004.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of heelattachment strength on womens and misses shoes throughapplication of a static load to the heel.Shoe heels may be madeof various materials,including wood,plastic,leather,or rubber.The heels may be attached to the shoe body with nails,screws,staples,cement,or a combination of these.1.2 This test method is applicable for testing heel heights112in.(38 mm)and higher.(Heel heights are manufactured in18-in.increments.)This testing is applicable for front or backof heel.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 1646 Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction forFootwear23.Terminology3.1 See Terminology F 1646 for the following terms used inthis test method:3.1.1 Heel breast,3.1.2 Insole,3.1.3 Outsole,3.1.4 Pricker points,3.1.5 Shank,3.1.6 Shankboard,and3.1.7 Top lift.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A shoe is mounted vertically on a mounting form andsecured with holding clamps.Pressure is applied to the shoeheel by means of a vertical piston and a hand-operatedhydraulic pump.A hydraulic pressure gage indicates theamount of pressure in pounds-force(or newtons)exertedagainst the heel.This pressure,when multiplied by the leverarm through which it is applied,gives the torque value forheel-attaching strength.5.Significance5.1 Heel-attaching strength is an important factor in thedesign of a safe and comfortable shoe that adequately supportsthe foot.6.Apparatus6.1 Self-Contained Device,3consisting of a hand-operatedhydraulic pump,a piston,a pressure gage,and a suitable mountwith security clamps to hold the test specimen rigidly inposition as sketched in Fig.1 and Fig.2.NOTE1The area of the piston head on this tester is 0.9968 in.2(6.43cm2).This is sufficiently close enough to 1.000 in.2(6.43 cm2)to permita direct gage reading of pounds-force(or newtons)exerted on the heel.7.Sampling7.1 Tests should be made on each new style shoe,and onany shoe where the construction method or material ischanged,such as length of nail,insole material,nailing pattern,etc.7.2 Conduct routine testing to determine if adequate heel-attaching strength is being maintained.7.3 Perform random testing on a sufficient number of shoesfrom production or from stock to give reliable results.8.Preparation of Apparatus and Test Specimens8.1 Temporarily mount the test specimen on the shoe-mounting form.8.2 Position pressure piston on the testing apparatus so as toobtain the maximum lever arm on the particular heel beingtested.Secure the piston to the machine base with screws.8.3 If the heel is to be tested from the heel breast side,makea mark on the breast at the point where the piston will engagethe heel.If the heel is to be tested from the back side of the1This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on Safety andTraction for Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.20 onConstruction.Current edition approved July 10,2002.Published August 2002.Originallypublished as F 694 80.Discontinued January 2001 and reinstated as F 694 02.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Asuitable device is available from Creativity,Inc.,58 Rantoul St.,Beverly,MA01915 and Whitely Industries,Inc.,14 Everberg Road,Woburn,MA 01801.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.heel,make a mark on the back of the heel at the point where thepiston will engage the heel.8.4 Remove the test specimen from the shoe-mountingform.Using a three-cornered file,make a groove in the heelparallel to the toplift at the point previously marked.Themaximum depth of the groove is 1 mm.8.5 Remount the test specimens on the mounting form.Place the lower clamping ring around the shoe just in front ofthe heel breast and tighten securely.Adjust the upper clamp soas to prevent vertical movement of the test sample during thetest.8.5.1 For the closed-back shoes(shoes with or without acounter),the upper clamp can be used so as to prevent verticalmovement of the test shoe during the testing.8.5.2 For open-back shoes,the foot form has been modifiedto include four pricker points(see section 3.1.4)approximately18in.(3.2 mm)long that penetrate the insole due to the lowerclamping ring and prevent vertical movement of the