ASTM_F_538_-_13.pdf

Designation:F53813Standard Terminology Relating to theCharacteristics and Performance of Tires1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F538;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for tech-nical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards onthe characteristics and performance of tires.1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in othertechnologies,such as vehicle behavior,are worded to coverboth areas.1.3 When any definition in this terminology(that does nothave the limiting phrase)is quoted out of context,editoriallyinsert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following theterm.This will properly limit the field of application of theterm and definition.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:accelerometer,nan instrument that senses inertial reaction tomeasure linear or angular acceleration.F811accuracy,na measurement concept that describes the degreeof correspondence between an average measured value andan accepted reference or standard value for the object,material or phenomenon under test.F1082age,vto apply conditions so as to promote change of materialproperties.F2838aging,accelerated laboratory(also:aging,laboratory),nincreased rate of tire material property changes underspecified conditions,including temperature,inflationpressure,oxygen concentration in the filling gas,and time.F2838aging,in-service,nmaterial property changes within tiresdue to consumer usage.F2838aging,oven,naccelerated laboratory aging in an elevatedtemperature environment.F2838aging,thermal oxidative,nthe process whereby chemicaland physical material properties of a tire change withexposure to heat and oxygen.F2838aligning stiffness FL/,nof a tire,the rate of change of tirealigning torque with respect to change in tire slip angle,usually evaluated at zero slip angle.aligning stiffness coefficient,nof a tire,the ratio of tirealigning stiffness to the tire normal force.aligning torque FL,nof a tire,the component of a tiremoment vector tending to rotate a tire about the Z-axis,positive clockwise when looking in the positive direction ofthe Z-axis.F403,F424alignment,nthe adjustment of various parts of the vehiclessuspension system to ensure proper handling stability and tominimize abnormal tire treadwear.F1922all-season tread,ntread design providing dry,wet,and snowtraction performance for an optimized balance for year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber Manu-facturers Association(RMA)definition for an M&S,M+S,M/S,MS,etc.marked tire(see RMA“Snow Tire Definitionsfor Passenger and Light Truck(LT)Tires”).E1136,F2493analysis,nan act of inspecting the S/H image and associatingthis image with a known calibration reference.F1364anomaly,na change in the strain pattern of the rubbersurface of a straining block as a result of applied stressbrought about through a change in atmospheric pressure onthe rubber surface.F1364anti-lock braking system(ABS),na collection of sensingand control hardware installed on a vehicle to prevent wheellock-up during brake application.F1649average tire tread depth L,nthe average of all tire groove(void)depth measurements.F1016axle efficiency nd,nin a vehicle,the ratio of the sum of thewheel torques at the driven wheels to the product ofdriveshaft torque and axle ratio.balancing,na process to correct for heavy or light areas ofa tire and wheel assembly.F1922bandwidth 1/T,nthe range of frequencies within whichcertain performance characteristics occur;specific limitsnormally apply.F8111This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.94 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1,2013.Published June 2013.Originallyapproved in 1977.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F538 09.DOI:10.1520/F0538-13.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 bead,nof a tire,the part of a tire that comes in contact withthe rim and is shaped to secure the tire to the rim.F1922,F1923,F2663bead separation,na breakdown of bond between tirecomponents in the bead area.F1922bead unseating block,nmachined block of cast aluminum(also known as“shoe”)used on the bead unseating fixture topress against the tire sidewall.F2663belt,nin a tire,a breaker that substantially restricts thecarcass in a circumferential direction.F1922,F1923belt edge(BE)temperature,nin the cross section of a radialtire,the temperature at the edge of the stabilizer plies orbelts,for example,in the rubber region of the two belt edges.F2779,F2869belt separation,na breakdown of bonding between the beltsor plies or tread,or combination thereof.F1922bias,nthe difference between the average measured testres