_STP_1336-1998.pdf

STP 1336 Very Large-Scale Fires N.R.Kelmer,N.J.Alvares,and S.J.Grayson,Editors ASTM Stock#:STP1336 ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Llbrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Very large-scale flres/N.R.Ketner,N.J.Avares,and S.J.Grays0n,editors.p.cm.-(STP;1336)ASTM stock number:STP1336.Includes bibliographical references and index,ISBN 0-8031-2481-3 1.Fires.2.Flre exttnctl0n.3.Ta buildings-Fires and fire prevention.4.N11dflres-Preventlon and control.I.Keltner,N.R.(Ned R.),1942-IZ.Avares,Norman J.III.Grayson,S.J.IV.Series:ASTM specie tchnlca publication;1336.TH9448.V47 1998 628.925-dc21 98-45728 CIP Copyright?9 1998 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:508-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one edi-tor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as possible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of these peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Baltimore,MD October 1998 Foreword This publication,Very Large-Scale Fires,contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name,held in St.Louis,MO on 16 June,1997.The symposium was sponsored by Committee E5 on Fire Standards.Ned R.Keltner,with Ktech Corporation in Albuquerque,NM;Norman J.Alvares,with Fire Science Applications in San Carlos,CA;and Stephen J.Grayson,with Interscience Communications in London,U.K.,served as symposium co-chairmen and are editors of the resulting publication.Contents Overview-N.R.KELTNER RAPID OR LARGE STRUCTURE FIRES Fire Development and Fatality Analysis of the April 19,1993 Fire at the Branch Davidian Mt.Carmel Center,Waco,Texas-o.J.HAUSSMAt Analysis of Full-Scale Fire Tests of Wall Linings in Ranch House-M.M.HIRSCHLER High-Temperature Accelerant ArsonmRevisited-N.a.KELTtR,H.K.HASEGAWA,AND J.A.WHITE,JR.Large Compartment Fire Tests on a Full-Scale Eight Storey Building-T.LENNON 20 41 55 INDUSTRIAL AND WILD LAND FIRES Time-Dependent Model of Forest Fire Spread in Turbulent Gusting Winds-V.E.GARZ6N,J.M.McDONOUGH,AND K.SAITO Estimates of the Extent and Character of the Oxygen-Starved Interior in Large Pool Fires-L.A.GRITZO,W.GILL,AND V.F.NICOLETTE Reconstruction of Very Large-Scale Fires-K.sArro Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions(BLEVE):Possible Failure Mechaulsms-J.E.S.VENART 73 84 99 112 MARINE FIRES Experimental Measurement of a Shipboard Fire Environment with Simulated Radioactive Materials Packages-J.A.KOSrd,S.D.WlX,AND D.E.BEENE,JR.135 Evaluation of Large-Scale Marine Fire ProtocoIs-R.L.HANSEN AND G.G.BACK 150 Full-Scale Model Tests of Smoke Movement in Ship Passenger Accommodations(First Report).YOSHIDA 163 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 26 13:31:31 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Overview STP1336-EB/Oct.1998 Time and again,it has been observed that the rules governing fire behavior appear to change as the intensity and scale of the fire increase.Sometimes,conditions combine to produce events that surprise and amaze all of us,often with tragic results.Well known examples of such severe fires include:a)The Dupont Plaza hotel fire-hot,fire gases from a growing,ventilation-controlled fire in one part of the hotel/casino complex were transported to another part of the complex.This resulted in a rapid flashover in that area.b)The Piper Alpha offshore platform-a sequence of explosions and fires eventually caused this platform to sink in the North Sea.c)The Apollo Space Capsule fire-an oxygen-enriched atmosphere accelerated burning.d)In Mississauga,Ontaricr-a tankcar fire generated a boiling liquid/expanding vapor explosion that destroyed a large area.e)The Berkeley Hills fire-this fire in a wildland/urban interface demonstrated the im-portance of more fire resistive construction and the need to control