_STP_1105-1991.pdf

STP 1105 Tribological Modeling for Mechanical Designers Kenneth C Ludema and Raymond G.Bayer,editors As M 1916 Race Street Philadelphia,PA 19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Dec 31 13:22:02 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Triboogica modeling for mechanical designers/Kenneth C Ludema Raymond G.Bayer,editors.(STP;1105)Papers from a symposium held in San Francisco on May 23,1990,sponsored by ASTM Committee G-2 on Near and Erosion.Incudes bibllograohica references and indexes.ISBN 0-8031-1412-5 1.Triboogy-Rathematical models-Congresses.II.Bayer,R.G.(Raymond George),1935-III.G-2 on Erosion and Wear.IV.Series:ASTH special publication;1105.TJ1075.A2T725 1991 821.89015118-dc20 and and I.Ludema,K.C ASTM Committee technical 91-8238 CIP Copyright?9 1991 by the American Society for Testing and Materials.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of these peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribu-tion of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Baltimore October 1991 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Dec 31 13:22:02 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword This publication,Tribological Modeling for Mechanical Designers,contains papers pre-sented at the symposium of the same name held in San Francisco,CA on 23 May 1990.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee G-2 on Wear and Erosion.Professor Ken-neth C Ludema of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor,MI and Raymond G.Bayer of IBM in Endicott,NY presided as symposium chairmen and are editors of the resulting publication.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Dec 31 13:22:02 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Overview-K.c LUDEMA AND R.G.BAYER WHAT MECHANICAL DESIGNERS NEED IN TRIBOLOGICAL MODELING Comments on Engineering Needs and Wear Models-R.G.BAYER Design of Plain Bearings for Heavy Machinery-w.A.GLAESER WHAT IS AVAILABLE IN TRIBOLOGICAL MODELS(MOSTLY FOR WEAR)The Structure of Erosive Wear Models-s.BAHADUR Success and Failure of Simple Models for Abrasive Wear-J.LARSEN-BASSE Wear by Chemical Reactions in Friction Contacts-J.L.LAUER Tribological Models for Solid/Solid Contact:Missing Links-s.L.RICE AND F.A.MOSLEHY DATA BASE AND SIMULATION ISSUES FOR TRIBOLOGICAL MODELING Friction in Machine Design-K.G.BUDINSKI Considerations on Data Requirements for Tribological Modeling-A.w.RUFF Classification of Metallic Materials from a Viewpoint of Their Antiwear Behavior-T.SASADA Wear Transition Surfaces for Long-Term Wear Effects-c.s.YUST PRINCIPLES OF MODEL MAKING AND USE IS Modeling in Tribology a Useful Activity?-J.R.BARBER Wear Modeling:How Far Can We Get With Principles?-M.GODET,Y.BERTHIER,J.LANCASTER,AND L.VINCENT Cultural Impediments for Practical Modeling of Wear Rates-K.C LUDEMA vii 3 t2 33 51 63 77 89 127 143 153 165 173 180 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Dec 31 13:22:02 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Overview Purpose The symposium for which the following papers were written was organized out of the recognition that those tens of thousands of mechanical designers who design consumer products need far better information than they now have when they design mechanical components for wear life.They have equations(tables,graphs,guidelines,etc.)for the analysis of stresses,for vibration modes and natural frequencies,for rates of heating and cooling,and for most other phenomena-but very little for the wear life of products.The needs of designers may best be seen in the dichotomy between the mechanical sophistication of machines and devices,and the fact that these devices are most often discarded because of mechanical wear.Tribological adequacy seems to be one of the last considerations in the design process if it is explored at all,and probably for good reason-