ASTM_F_1806_-_14.pdf

Designation:F180614Standard Practice forTire Testing OperationsBasic Concepts and Terminologyfor Reference Tire Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1806;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tiretesting and a standard set of terms relating to the use ofreference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testingprograms.The tests may be conducted in a laboratory onvarious dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as atoutdoor proving ground facilities.The overall objective of thispractice is to develop some elementary principles for suchtesting and standardize the terms used in these operations.Thiswill improve communication among those conducting thesetests as well as those using the results of such testing.1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology,astatistical model for tire testing operations is also presented inAnnex A1.This serves as a mathematical and conceptualfoundation for the terms and other testing concepts;it willimprove understanding.The annex can also serve for futureconsultation as this practice is expanded to address additionalaspects of the testing process.1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatmentwith a sequential or hierarchical development of terms withsubstantial background discussion.This cannot be accommo-dated in Terminology F538.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Refer-ence Test TireF538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF1650 Practice for Evaluating Tire Traction PerformanceData Under Varying Test ConditionsF2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial StandardReference Test TireF2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L RadialTruck Standard Reference Test TireF2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M RadialTruck Standard Reference Test TireF2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S RadialLight Truck Standard Reference Test Tire3.Significance and Use3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence oftests that involve special“reference”tires in addition to thecandidate tires being evaluated for their performance charac-teristics.Reference tires serve as an“internal benchmark”which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to giveimproved comparisons among the candidate tires.Numerousapproaches have been adopted using different terminology forsuch testing.This causes confusion and the purpose of thispractice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts andterminology on this topic.4.Summary of the Practice4.1 Elementary testing concepts,terms,and definitions aredeveloped in hierarchical or sequential order beginning withbasic testing operations.Each definition may be accompaniedby a specific discussion or expanded text section appropriate togeneral definitions.Many of the terms could be defined asadjectives;however,as recommended by ASTM policy,theword“tire”is included in each definition avoiding the compli-cation of defining adjectives.The definitions apply equally toitems or objects other than tires.5.Basic Testing Concepts and Terms5.1 Background on Testing:5.1.1 Despitetheadoptionofstandardizedtestingprocedures,test result variation influences data generated in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee F09 on Tires and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee F09.94 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1806 97(2008).DOI:10.1520/F1806-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 any type of testing.As outlined in Annex A1,there are twomain categories:1 variation inherent in the productionprocess for a group of nominally identical objects or tires and2 variation due to the measurement operation.Each of thesetwo sources may be further divided into two types of variation;1 systematic or bias variation(the variation causing onelaboratory to be consistently different from another laborator