_STP_659-1978.pdf

CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS FOR THE CONTROL OF OIL SPILLS A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee F-20 on Spill Control Systems AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Williamsburg,Va.,4-5 Oct.1977 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 659 L.T.McCarthy,Jr.,Environmental Protection Agency,G.P.Lindblom,Exxon Chemical Company,and H.F.Walter,Department of Energy,editors List price$30.00 04-659000-24#AIVIERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1978 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:78-58199 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,Md.October 1978 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The symposium on Chemical Dispersants for the Control of Oil Spills was held at Williamsburg,Va.,4-5 Oct.1977.The symposium was sponsored by Committee F-20 on Spill Control Systems,American Society for Testing and Materials.L.T.McCarthy,Jr.,presided as symposium chairman.The editors of this publication are L.T.McCarthy,Jr.,G.P.Lindblom,Exxon Chemical Company,and H.F.Walter,Department of Energy.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Oil Field Subsurface Injection of Water,STP641(1977),$10.75,04-641000-16 Computerized Laboratory Systems,STP 578(1975),$24.00,04-578000-34 Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis,STP 15D(1976),$9.75,04-015040-34 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and,also,the unheralded efforts of the reviewers.This body of technical experts whose dedication,sacrifice of time and effort,and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged.The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions.On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution.ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Editorial Staff Jane B.Wheeler,Managing Editor Helen M.Hoersch,Associate Editor Ellen J.McGlinchey,Senior Assistant Editor Helen Mahy,Assistant Editor Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introdoctioii 1 Some Observations on the Mechanism and Chemistry Aspects of Chemical DispersionG.P.CANEVARI 5 Toxicity Testing in the United Kingdom for the Evaluation of Oil Slick DispersantsM.G.NORTON,F.L.FRANKUN,AND R.A.A.BLACKMAN 18 A Small-Scale Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness TestD.MACKAY,I.S.NADEAU,AND C.NG 35 Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Dispersing Effectiveness of Oil Spill Dispersants:Results of a Canadian Ofl Dbpersant Testing Pro-gram(1973 to 1977)K.G.DOE AND P.G.WELLS 50 Lostic Requirements for Aerial Application of Oil Spill Dispersants C.W.ROSS,P.B.HILDERBRAND,AND A.A.ALLEN 66 Development of an Oil Dispersant Spraying Systemv.p.MANOLIO,JR.AND L.T.MCCARTHY,JR.81 Chemical Control of Oil Spills and HazardsSTEPHAN KAUFMANN 89 Some Guidelines for Oil Spill Control in Coastal Environments Based on Field Studies of Four Oil SpillsE.R.GUNDLACH M.O.HAYES,C.H.RUBY,L.G.WARD,A.E.BLOUNT,I.A.FISCHER,AND R.J.STEIN 98 Assessment Problems of Whether or Not to Treat Oil Spills M.p.WILSON,JR.119 Oil SpiO Control ChemicalsA Current ViewG.P.LINDBLOM 127 Physical and Chemical Behavior of Small Crude Oil Slicks on the OceanJ.c.JOHNSON,C.D.MCAULIFFE,AND R.A.BROWN 141 Dispersant Field Trials in Canadian WatersUse of Hovercraft as a Dispersant-Spraying Platforms.D.GILL 159 Evaluation of Equipment for Aerial Spraying of Oil Dispersant Chemi-calsG.P.L I N D B L O M AND C.D.B A R K E R 169 Effect of a Chemical Dispersant on Microbial Utilization of Petroleum HydrocarbonsR.w.TRAXLER AND L.S.BHATTACHARYA 180 Chemical Analysis of Dispersed Oil In the Water Column C.W.BROWN,P.F.LYNCH,AND M.AHMADIIAN 188 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 19:24:36 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(U