_STP_614-1986.pdf

FIRE STANDARDS AND SAFETY A symposium presented at National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg,Md.,5-6 April 1976 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 614 A.F.Robertson,National Bureau of Standards,editor 04-614000-31 V S YEARS IMBS iaOI-1976 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19130 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Washington,D.C.20234 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1976 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:76-26389 ISBN 0-8031-0352-2 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.First Printing,Baltimore,Md.March,1977 Second Printing,Philadelphia,Pa.February,1986 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The Symposium on Fire Standards and Safety was presented at a meeting held at the National Bureau of Standards,Gaithersburg,Md.,5-6 April 1976.The symposium was sponsored by The National Bureau of Standards and The American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee E-5 on Fire Tests of Materials and Construction.A.F.Robertson,National Bureau of Standards,presided as symposium chairman.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Ignition,Heat Release,and Noncombustibility of Materials,STP 502(1972),04-502000-31 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and,also the un-heralded efforts of the reviewers.This body of technical experts whose dedication,sacrifice of time and effort,and collective wisdom in review-ing the papers must be acknowledged.The quality level of ASTM publica-tions is a direct function of their respected opinions.On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution.ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Editorial Staff Jane B.Wheeler,Managing Editor Helen M.Hoersch,Associate Editor Ellen J.McGlinchey,Assistant Editor Kathleen P.Turner,Assistant Editor Sheila G.Pulver,Editorial Assistant Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction CHARACTERIZING THE FIRE HAZARD Fire Research and Fire Safety:A Status Report on the Situation in the United Statesj.w.LYONS 5 The National Fire Incident Reporting System:A Key to Fire Hazard QuantificationHENRY TOVEY 11 Fire-Related Fatalities:An Analysis of Their Demography,Physical Origins,and Medical Causesw.o.BERL AND B.M.HALPIN 26 Estimating Injury from Burning Garments and Development of Concepts for Flammability Testsj.R.BERCAW,K.G.JORDAN,AND A.Z.MOSS 55 Ignition and Burning of SolidsR.FRIEDMAN 91 Some Problem Aspects of Fully Developed Room Fires P.H.THOMAS 112 Growth of Fire In Building CompartmentsJAMES QUINTIERE 131 Calculation Methods for Predicting Smoke Movement in Building Fires and Designing Smoke Control Systems TAKAO WAKAMATSU 168 The Role of Tests in Defining Fire Hazard:A Concept H.J.ROUX 194 SOCIETYS RESPONSE Building and Fire Codes:The Regulatory ProcessJ.E.BIHR 209 A Place for Voluntary StandardsR.E.STEVENS 222 National Mandatory Fire Safety StandardsWALTER THOMAS,JR.,AND C.L.WILLIS 231 International Standardization:Advantages,Progress,and ProblemsJ.WITTEVEEN AND L.TWILT 253 Sampling and Analysis of Fire AtmospheresR.M.FRISTROM 266 Assessment of the Relative Toxicity of Materials:Concept of a Limiting ToxicantJ.H.PETAJAN,R.C.BALDWIN,R.F.ROSE,AND R.B.JEPPSEN 285 Development of a Room Fire Testi.A BENJAMIN 300 Panel Discussion 312 Summary 325 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Characterizing the Fire Hazard Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Jan 3 20:12:58 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.J.W.Lyons Fire Research and Fire Safe