ASTM_F_1780_-_97_2010.pdf

Designation:F178097(Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forEstimating Oil Spill Recovery System Effectiveness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1780;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimat-ing the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems thatmay be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user withinformation on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanupequipment.It is intended for use by those involved in planningfor and responding to oil spills.1.3 Sections of this guide describe calculation proceduresfor estimating recovery system effectiveness.It should beunderstood that any such calculations cannot be expected topredict system performance,but are intended to provide acommon basis for comparing system performance.1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation procedurescannot be used to predict system performance is that theanalysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties ofthe oil slick,and particularly the changes in slick thickness andemulsification.It is emphasized that the purpose of this guideis not to provide a standard method for estimating slickproperty changes,but rather to provide a standard guide forusing that information in comparing system performance.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill ControlSystemsF631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF808 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inUncontrolled Environments(Withdrawn 1997)3F1523 Guide for Selection of Booms in Accordance WithWater Body Classifications3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 advancing skimmer,na skimmer that is designed tobe used to sweep out the spill area.3.1.1.1 Discussionhe skimmer may be independent ormay be attached to containment boom to increase sweep width.In some cases,the skimmer may not be attached to the boombut is positioned in the pocket of the boom for skimming.Aslong as the skimmer operates while moving,it is considered tobe an advancing skimmer.Some skimmers are used in both anadvancing and stationary mode.These are classified accordingto their application.3.1.2 contained spills,na spill that is restricted fromspreading by containment boom or natural means.3.1.3 oil slick encounter rate,nthe volume of oil slick perunit time actively encountered by the oil spill recovery system,and therefore available for containment and recovery(m3/h).3.1.4 oil spill recovery system,na combination of devicesthat operate together to recover spilled oil;the system wouldinclude some or all of the following components:(1)contain-ment boom,(2)skimmer,(3)support vessels to deploy andoperate the boom and skimmer,(4)discharge/transfer pumps,(5)oil/water separator,(6)temporary storage devices,and(7)shore based storage/disposal.3.1.5 recovery system effectiveness,nthe volume of oilthat is removed from the environment by a given recoverysystem in a given recovery period.3.1.6 recovery period,nthe time available for recoverysystems to carry out cleanup operations.3.1.7 response time,nthe time interval between the spillincident and the start of cleanup operations.3.1.8 stationary skimmer,na skimmer that is intended tobe used in a fixed location and is moved to new accumulationsof oil as skimming progresses.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.12 on Removal.Current edition approved June 1,2010.Published July 2010.Originally approvedin 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1780 97(2002).DOI:10.1520/F1780-97R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.8.1 DiscussionSome stationary skimmers are used in acontainment boom system that moves to collect oil,thenpauses to permit the skimmer to recover the oil collected.Eventhough this system moves periodically,the skimmer is stillranked as a stationary skimmer because it operates when thesystem is at rest.3.1.9 uncontained spill,na spill that continues to spreadafter the recovery effort begins.4.Summary of Guide4.1 In evaluating the effectiveness of contai