_MNL_40-2001.pdf

Moisture Analysis and Condensation Control in Building Envelopes Heinz R.Trechsel,Editor ASTM Stock Number:MNL40 ASTM RO.Box C700 100 Ban Harbor Drive West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moisture analysis and condensation control in building envelopes/Heinz R.Trechsel,editor.p.cm.-(MNL;40)ASTM stock number:MNL40.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-2089-3 1.Waterproofing.2.Dampness in buildings.3.Exterior walls.I.Trechsel,Heinz R.II.ASTM manual series;MNL40.TH9031.M635 2001 693.892-dc21 2001022577 CIP Copyright?9 2001 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Printed in Philadelphia,PA 2001 Foreword THIS PUBLICATION,Moisture Analysis and Condensation Control in Building Envelopes,was sponsored by Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and Committee E06 on Per-formance of Buildings.The editor was Heinz R.Trechsel.This is Manual 40 in ASTMs manual series.Contents Preface vii Biographies of the Authors xv Glossary-by Mark Albers xx Chapter 1-Moisture Primer by Heinz R.Trechsel 1 Chapter 2-Weather Data by Anton TenWolde and Donald G.CoUiver 16 Chapter 3-Hygrothermal Properties of Building Materials by M.K.Kumaran 29 Chapter 4-Failure Criteria by Hannu Viitanen and Mikael SaIonvaara 66 Chapter 5-Overview of Hygrothermal(HAM)Analysis Methods by John Straube and Eric Burnett 81 Chapter 6-Advanced Numerical Models for Hygrothermal Research by Achilles N.Karagiozis 90 Chapter 7-Manual Analysis Tools by Anton TenWolde 107 Chapter 8-MOIST:A Numerical Method for Design by Doug Butch and George Tsongas 116 Chapter 9-A Hygrothermal Design Tool for Architects and Engineers(WUFI ORNL/IBD)by H.M.Kuenzel,A.N.Karagiozis,and A.H.Holm 136 Chapter 10-A Look to the Future by Carsten Rode 152 Appendix 1-Computer Models 161 Appendix 2-Installation Instructions 185 Index 189 Preface by Heinz R.Trechsel I PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL IN ASTM MANUAL MNL 18,Moisture Control in Buildings,2 Mark Bomberg and Cliff Shirtliffe,in their chapter A Conceptual System of Moisture Performance Analysis,make the case for a rigorous design approach that should involve computer-based analysis of moisture flow,air leakage,and temperature distribution in building ele-ments and systems.In the Preface to the same manual,I state that one objective of Manual 18 is to help establish moisture control in buildings as a separate and essential part of building technology.In 1996,the Building Environment and Thermal Envelope Council(BETEC)3 con-ducted a Symposium on Moisture Engineering.The symposium presented an overview of the current state-of-the-art of moisture analysis and had a wide participation of building design practitioners.The consensus of the participants was that moisture analysis was now practical as a design tool,and that it should be given preference over the simple application of the prescriptive rules.However,it was also the consensus that the architect/engineer community was not ready to fully embrace the analytical approach.Thus,both the building research and the broader building design commu-nity recognized the need for moisture analysis and for a better understanding of cur-rently available moisture analysis methods.The concerns for moisture control in buildings have increased significantly since the early 1980s.One sign of the increased concern is the number of research papers on moisture control presented at the DOE/ASHRAE/BETEC conferences on Thermal Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Buildings from 8 in 1982 to 17 in 1992 and to 27 directly related to moisture in 1998.Another measure is that the Building Environ-ment and Thermal Envelope Council held four conferences/symposia from 1991 through 1999,and only two between 1982 and 1990.In response to these developments ASTM Committees C16 on Thermal Insulation and E06 on Performance of Buildings have agreed to co-sponsor the preparation and publication of this new manual to expand and elaborate on the relevant chapters of MNL 18:Chapter 2,Modeling Heat,Air,and Moisture Transport through Building Materials and Components,and Chapter 11,Des