ASTM_F_1834_-_98_2004.pdf

Designation:F 1834 98(Reapproved 2004)Standard Guide forConsideration of Anaerobic Bioremediation as a ChemicalPollutant Mitigation Method on Land1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1834;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers recommendations concerning theapplication of anaerobic bioremediation to mitigate chemicalpollutants(see Appendix X1,Table X1.1).1.2 This is a general guide only,assuming the bioremedia-tion to be safe,effective,available,applied in accordance withmanufacturers recommendations and in compliance with rel-evant environmental regulations.1.3 This guide addresses the application of anaerobic biore-mediation alone or in conjunction with order technologies,following chemical pollution of terrestrial environments.1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of theanaerobic bioremediation.1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments.Spe-cifically,it addresses available information concerning anaero-bic bioremediation of chemical products and wastes of indus-trial processes.1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions,appropriategovernment authorities must be consulted as required by law.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.In addition,it is theresponsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takesplace under the control and direction of a qualified person withfull knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety andhealth protocols.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1481 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use ofBioremediation in Oil Spill Response-Sand and GravelBeachesF 1600 Terminology Relating to BioremediationF 1693 Guide for Consideration of Bioremediation as a OilSpill Response Method for LandE 1943 Guide for Remediation of Ground Water by NaturalAttenuation at Petroleum Release Sites3.Terminology3.1 For additional information relating to bioremediation,see Terminology F 1600.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerobesorganisms that require air or free oxygen forgrowth.3.2.2 anaerobesorganisms that grow in the absence of airor oxygen,and do not use molecular oxygen in respiration.3.2.3 anaerobic reactoran engineered system designed tomaintain a high anaerobic microbial population to effectivelybiodegrade chemical contaminants.3.2.4 bioaugmentationaddition of microorganisms(pre-dominantly bacteria)to increase the biodegradation rate oftarget pollutants.3.2.5 biodegradationchemical alteration and breakdownof a substance usually to smaller products,caused by micro-organisms or their enzymes.3.2.6 bioremediation agentsinorganic and organic com-pounds and microorganisms that are added to enhance degra-dation processes,predominantly microbial.3.2.7 biostimulationaddition of microbial nutrients,oxy-gen,heat or water,or both,to enhance the rate of biodegrada-tion of target pollutants by indigenous species(predominantlybacteria).3.2.8 cometabolismtransformation of the contaminant isthe result of an incidental reaction catalyzed by enzymesinvolved in the normal cell metabolism or special detoxifica-tion reactions.3.2.9 indigenousnative to a given habitat or environment3.2.10 nutrienta substance that supports organismalgrowth.3.2.11 remediation by natural attenuation(RNA)a rem-edy where naturally occurring physical,chemical,and biologi-cal processes will effectively achieve remedial goals and can be1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.24 on Bioremediation.Current edition approved Nov.10,1997 and March 10,1998.Published July1998.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.demonstrated through monitoring.The application of naturalattenuation processes as a remedial action also has beendescribed by a variety of other terms,such as intrinsicremediation,intrinsic bioremediation,passive remediation,passive bioremediation,etc.3.2.12 speciesa taxonomic category characterized by in-dividuals of the same genus that are mutually similar and areable to interbreed.3.2.13 terrestrialconsisting of land,as distinguished fromwater.4.Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide guida