ASTM_F_1736_-_09.pdf

Designation:F173609Standard Guide forIrradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Invertebrates Used asFood to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1736;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this guide is to present information on the use of ionizing radiation for eliminatingor reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites and for reducing the number ofspoilage microorganisms on finfish and aquatic invertebrates.Information on the handling of finfishand aquatic invertebrates before receipt by the irradiation facility and after shipment from the facilityis also provided.This guide is intended to serve as a set of recommendations to be followed when using irradiationtechnology where approved by an appropriate regulatory control authority.It is not to be construed assetting forth rigid requirements for the use of irradiation.While the use of irradiation involves certainessential requirements to attain the objective of the treatment,some parameters can be varied inoptimizing the process.This guide is based on a guideline published by the International Consultative Group on FoodIrradiation(ICGFI)at the initiation of the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/InternationalAtomic Energy Agency Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,which serves as theSecretariat to the ICGFI.1.Scope1.1 This guide outlines procedures and operations for theirradiation of raw,untreated,fresh(chilled),or frozen finfishand aquatic invertebrates,while ensuring that the irradiatedproduct is safe and wholesome.1.1.1 Aquatic invertebrates include molluscs,crustacea,echinoderms,etc.1.1.1.1 Molluscs include bivalve shellfish,such as clams,mussels,and oysters;snails;and cephalopods,such as squidand octopus.1.1.1.2 Crustacea include shellfish such as shrimp,lobster,crabs,prawns and crayfish.1.1.1.3 Echinoderms include sea urchins and sea cucum-bers.1.2 This guide covers absorbed doses used to reduce themicrobial and parasite populations in aquatic invertebrates andfinfish.Such doses typically are below 10 kGy(1).21.3 The use of reduced-oxygen packaging(vacuum ormodified atmosphere,and including products packed in oil)with irradiated,raw product is not covered by this guide.Theanaerobic environment created by reduced-oxygen packagingprovides the potential for outgrowth of,and toxin productionfrom,Clostridium botulinum spores.1.4 This guide does not cover the irradiation of smoked ordried fish to reduce microbial load or to control insectinfestation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on RadiationProcessing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.05 on FoodIrradiation.Current edition approved Feb.1,2009.Published March 2009.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1736 03.DOI:10.1520/F1736-09.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryF1416 Guide for Selection of Time-Temperature IndicatorsF1640 Guide for Selection and Use of Packaging Materialsfor Foods to Be Irradiated2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:351204 Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradiation Facili-ties for Food Processing51261 Guide for the Selection andApplication of DosimetrySystems for Radiation Processing51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron Beam and X-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)Irradiation Facilities for Food Process-ing51539 Guide for Use of Radiation-Sensitive Indicators2.3 Codex Alimentarius Commission Recommended Inter-national Codes and Standards:4Codex Stan 1General Standards for the Labelling ofPrepackaged FoodsCodex Stan 19 Recommended International Code of Prac-tice for the Operation of Irradiation Facilities for theTreatment of FoodCodex Stan 106 Codex General Standard for IrradiatedFoodsCAC/RCP 9 Recommended International Code of Practicefor Fresh FishCAC/RCP 16 Rec