ASTM_F_685_-_96_2011.pdf

Designation:F68596(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining Toner Usage,Efficiency,and Dusting NonheatFixing Copiers Using Single-Component Toner Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F685;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of toner usage,efficiency of toner deposition on an imaged copy,and dustingin those nonheat fixing copiers utilizing a single-componenttoner.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 8 and10.19.2 for specific precautions and warnings.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic ImagingF875 Test Method for Evaluation of Large Area Density andBackground on Office Copiers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Density Target Test Sheets33.Descriptions of Terms Specific to this Standard3.1 single-component toneralso described commerciallyas single-component developer.3.2 toner usageamount of toner(milligrams per copy)removed from the toner hopper during the copying process.3.3 effciencythe ratio of the weight of toner developed onthe image copy to the weight of the toner used.3.4 toner dustingloss of toner other than to the imagedcopies and therefore the difference between toner usage and theweight of the toner developed on the imaged copy.Dusting isusually found deposited either inside the copier componentssuch as cleaning subsystems and filters or surrounding thecopier externally,specifically the table top,wall,and so forth.4.Summary of Practice4.1 Afull roll or quantity of sheets together with a sample oftoner are both weighed and placed into a copier.Copies areimaged to a predetermined end point and weighed.Tonerusage,dusting,and copier efficiency are subsequently calcu-lated from values obtained from the imaged copy weights andinitial toner weights.5.Significance and Use5.1 Many dry electrostatic developers consist of toners andcarriers and only the toner portion of which forms the visibleimage on the copy.Single-component toner(or developer)does not contain a carrier,and in theory,when properly used,is consumed at a rate proportional to the image area anddensity.As with all dry developers,single-component toners(or developers)are not 100%efficient.Some toner is lost tothe surroundings(inside or outside of the copiers).This loss isalso dependent on copier adjustments and may be significantenough to affect the total number of copies capable of beingproduced by a specific amount of toner.6.Apparatus6.1 Balance,4capable of a precision of 60.1 g and readableto 0.1 g.6.2 Model Copier,operated in accordance with the manu-facturers instructions.7.Reagents and Materials7.1 A supply of specified type or lot of appropriate papersufficient to complete the test.7.2 A supply of recommended type or lot of dry single-component toner sufficient to complete the test.7.3 A black target larger than the size of the test target theuser elects to use.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published March 2012.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F68596(2006).DOI:10.1520/F0685-96R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF0875.4A Mettler P5N balance(or equivalent alternative)has been found acceptableand has a reported precision of 60.05 g.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 8.Precautions8.1 This procedure is not applicable to those single compo-nent toner copiers utilizing either heat or a combination ofpressure and heat fixing methods because of the possibleweight loss of the paper due to the heat fixing.8.2 If any jams or paper roll splices are encountered duringthis procedure,the test should be discontinued and repeated.8.3 During this procedure,all copier conditions,specificallyline voltage,should be held constant.8.4 The user should be aware that variables such as relativehumidity,supplies(between lots,within lots,or manufacturersof),copiers,or the interaction of the variables can alter the finalresults.9.Calibration and Standardization9.1 All supplies to be utilized should