_STP_480-1970.pdf

APPLICATIONS OF MODERN METALLOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES A symposium presented at the Materials Engineering Exposition and Congress AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS Philadelphia,Pa.,13-16 Oct.1969 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 480 List price$17.00 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 10:59:25 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.()BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:78-114749 ISBN 0-8031-0064-7 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Cover:Titanium-6AI-4V alloy(originalJmagnification 2000,reduced two thirds for publication)heat-treated to above beta transformation temperature.The seg-mented light areas are partially spheroidized plates of alpha phase,which formed on cooling during the initial quench and then fragmented during heating at 1500 F.The dark-gray areas indicate beta phase that transformed to alpha plus beta on air cooling from this temperature.Photograph courtesy of Theresea V.Brassard,Physical and Mechanical Metal-lurgy Lab,Watervliet Arsenal,Watervliet,N.Y.12189.Printed in Baltimore,Md.September 1970 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 10:59:25 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword ASTM Committee E-4 on Metallography and the American Society for Metals cosponsored the Symposium on Applications of Modern Metallo-graphic Techniques given on 13 Oct.1969.The session was presented at the ASM Annual Materials Engineering Exposition and Congress,held in Philadelphia,Pa.,13-16 Oct.1969.The joint ASTM-ASM venture was arranged by the American Society for Metals,with W.D.Forgeng,Jr.,United States Steel Corp.,chairman of Committee E-4,presiding as sym-posium chairman.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 10:59:25 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Fifty Years of Progress in Metallographic Techniques,STP 430(1968),$25.75 Electron Fractography,STP 436(1968),$11.00 Electron Microfractography,STP 453(1969),$16.00 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 10:59:25 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction 1 Is Quantitative Metallography Quantitative?-G.A.MOORE 3 Some Uses of Color in Metallography-HgRVEV YAKOWITZ 49 Metallography of Radioactive Materials at Oak Ridge National Laboratory-R.J.GRAY,E.L.LONG,JR.,AND A.E.RICHT 67 A Review of Some Techniques and Metallurgical Applications for Trans-mission Electron Microscopy-J.L.BRIMHALL,B.MASTEL,AND H.R.BRAGER 97 Discussion 126 Replicating Techniques for Electron Fractography-a.M.PELLOUX 127 Transformation Kinetics of Thermomechanically Worked Austenite by De-formation Dilatometry-v.E.SMITH AND C.A.SIEBERT 131 Discussion 151 Advances in X-ray Metallography-s.8.NEWK1RK 152 The Electron Microprobe Analyzer as a Research Instrument-EgWIN EICHEN,FRANK KUNZ,AND JACK TABOCK 183 Use of the Scanning Electron Microscope in the Materials Sciences-J.c.RUSS 214 Microcleanliness of Steel-A New Quantitative TV Rating Method-R.A.REGE,W.D.FORGENG,JR.,D.H.STONE,AND J.V.ALGER 249 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 10:59:25 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.STP480-EB/Sep.1970 Introduction As a continuation of the excellent cooperation that has existed between the two societies,Committee E-4 on Metallography of the American Society for Testing and Materials was pleased to join with the American Society for Metals in the sponsorship of a one-day symposium on Applications of Modern Metallographic Techniques at the ASM Annual Materials Engi-neering Congress and Exposition on 13 Oct.1969.Committee E-4 believed that this symposium afforded an ideal opportunity to introduce an overall view of its ASTM activities to the broad materials-oriented audience at the ASM annual meeting and,at the same time to present a useful collection of papers that show how modern metallography is being applied to both routine and special materials problems.The hopes of the Committee were fully realized,as the symposium was among the two or three best-attended sessions at the Materials Congress.The terms modern and applications were the guiding criteria used by the Committee in selecting authors for the symposium and suggesting the topics for their presentations.In addition,the topics were to represent,as broadly as possible,the extensive activity of