_STP_407-1968.pdf

TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENTIN STEELA symposiumpresented at a meeting ofCommittee A-l on SteelAMERICAN SOCIETY FORTESTING AND MATERIALSPhiladelphia,Pa.,3-4 Oct.,1967ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO.407List price 521.00;20 per cent discount to memberspublished by theAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 5 09:48:24 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1968Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:68-19914NOTEThe Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinionsadvanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,Md.August,1968Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 5 09:48:24 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.RelatedASTM PublicationsAdvances in the Technology of Stainless Steels andRelated Alloys,STP 369(1965),$21.50Structures and Properties of Ultrahigh-StrengthSteels,STP 370(1965),$11.00Effects of Residual Elements on Properties of Aus-ten itic Stainless Steels,STP 418(1967),$7.25Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 5 09:48:24 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This page intentionally left blank Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 5 09:48:24 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.ContentsIntroductionThe Mechanism of Temper Brittlenessj.M.CAPUSA Study of Temper Embrittlement During Stress Relieving of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V SteelsL.F.PORTER,G.c.CARTER,AND s.j.MANGANELLOStress-Relief Embrittlement of High-Strength Quenched and TemperedAlloy SteelsA.H.ROSENSTEIN AND w.H.ASCHETemper Embrittlement in High Purity 3.5Ni,1.75Cr,0.20C SteelG.C.GOULDStatistical Study of Factors Influencing Impact Strength of TurbineGenerator RotorsInfluence of Temper EmbrittlementJ.COMON,P.F.MARTIN,AND P.G.BASTIENLong Time Isothermal Embrittlement in 3.5Ni,1.75Cr,O.SOMo,0.20CSteelG.c.GOULDTemper Embrittlement of Rotor SteelsD.L.NEWHOUSE AND H.G.HOLTZTemper BrittlenessAn Interpretive Reviewc.j.MCMAHON,JREffect of Thermal and Thermomechanical Treatments on the TemperEmbrittlement of Low-Alloy Steelsj.j.IRANI,M.j.MAY,ANDD.ELLIOTTMechanical Properties and Fracture Surface Topography of a Ther-mally Embrittled SteelF.L.CARR,j.NUNES,AND F.R.LARSONAnalysis of Rotor Steels for Residual ElementsF.p.BYRNE,R.j.NADALIN,J.PENKROT,J.S.RUDOLPH,AND C.R.WOLFE146597490106,T216&237320Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sat Dec 5 09:48:24 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.IntroductionTemper embrittlement has been one of the perennial problems ofphysical metallurgy,accompanying the use of alloy steels for a numberof decades.Practical solutions have been found for particular problemsinvolving embrittlement,better methods of measuring temper embrittle-ment have been developed,and a great deal has been learned aboutthis complex problem,but real understanding of the fundamental mecha-nisms involved has been elusive.Current trends in the design of heavy structural components,such aslarge pressure vessels and turbine-generator rotors,require increasedsize,more massive sections,higher stresses,and,in some cases,in-creased operating temperatures.At the same time,advances in under-standing of fracture mechanics tend to require concurrent improvementin fracture toughness.Steels with higher hardenability are needed toattain the required through-section fracture toughness at the higher yieldstrengths needed for such components.However,temper embrittlementis assuming increasing importance as an obstacle inhibiting progress inthe design of such heavy components.The higher-alloy steels required for through-section hardenabilityand toughness tend to be much more susceptible to temper embrittlementthan the lower-alloy pearlitic steels.Larger ingots imply greater segrega-tion of alloying and embrittling elements,and more massive sectionsmust be cooled more slowly through the temperature range of embrittle-ment.Susceptible steels operated for long times within the temperaturerange of embrittlement,350 to 575 C,may embrittle to a surprisingdegree;the notch toughness transition temperature may increase byhundreds of degrees.The possibility of such embrittlement must beconsidered in every phase of design,heat treatment,and operation ifunexpected deficiencies or losses in fracture toughness are to be avoided.The technical and economic value of effective control of temper em-brittlement in high hardenability steel is very great.The purpose of this symposi