_STP_442A-1978.pdf

MANUAL ON WATER(Fourth Edition)Sponsored byCommittee D-19on WaterAMERICAN SOCIETY FORTESTING AND MATERIALSASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 442AC.E.HamiltonDow Chemical CompanyeditorList price$28.5004-442010-16AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103This page intentionally left blank Editoral StaffJane B.Wheeler,Managing EditorHelen M.Hoersch,Associate EditorEllen J.McGlinchey,Senior Assistant EditorSheHa G.Pulver,Assistant EditorCopyright BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1978Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:78-51579NOTEThe Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinionsadvanced in this publication.Printed in Tallahassee.Fla.July 1978ForewordASTM Committee D-19 on Water had long believed that something morethan standard methods of testing are needed by those who look to the Societyfor aid and technical guidance.It was felt that general discussions of thenature and uses of water should illuminate these prescribed procedures andspecifications.Hence,the ASTM Manual on Water.Preparation of the first edition of the manual was begun in 1946.The firstmanual task group consisted of R.C.Adams,chairman and editor,A.A.Berk,T.H.Daugherty,O.M.Elliot,J.A.Holmes,C.E.Imhoff,1 A.K.Light,F.U.Neat,1 F.R.Owens,and A.H.Reynolds.1 Each member draftedan assigned portion of the manual with the assistance from his associates andother members of Committee D-19.These drafts were modified,critiqued,correlated,and assembled by the entire task group so that the resultingmanual was a group product rather than a compilation of individualauthorships.Many persons not in the task group also contributed to the firstedition.Particular acknowledgment should be made for the individualcontributions of Max Hecht,1 L.K.Herndon,E.O.Patridge,1 and C.K.Rice.The second edition task group consisted of R.D.Hoak,1 chairman andeditor,F.N.Alquist,1 R.A.Baker,G.D.Beal,F.E.Clarke,E.F.Davidson,B.W.Dickerson,D.K.French,1 A.S.Goldin,J.E.Kinney,W.W.Leathen,S.K.Love,W.A.Moore,F.R.Owens,J.K.Rice,C.C.Ruchhoft,1 R.K.Scott,1 J.M.Seamon,J.B.Smith,F.N.Speller,1 and R.F.Weston.Substantial contributions were also made by C.K.Rice,D-19 StandardsAdvisor.The third edition task group consisted of J.F.Wilkes,chairman andeditor,R.A.Baker,F.E.Clarke,E.F.Davidson,R.D.Hoak,1 C.E.Imhoff,1 R.S.Ingols,J.K.Jacobsen,Pratt Johnson,Bernd Kahn,F.N.Kemmer,R.A.Larrick,S.K.Love,J.A.Martucci,W.L.Neiland,E.P.Partridge,1 J.H.Phillips,E.A.Savelli,J.S.Speer,and S.L.Williams.Again,many of those named had worked on the previous edition.Prepara-tion of the manual was a collaborative effort,involving the entire group plusmany other D-19 members not assigned to the group.The major decision toremove the standard methods of analysis of water from the manual wasmade.These methods and specifications are published annually as theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards,Part 31.Each year all newly acceptedmethods and revised methods are incorporated into the reissued book.Deceased.This page intentionally left blank ContentsIntroduction 1Chapter 1Water Sources and Supply 3Chapter 2Uses of Industrial Water 18Chapter 3Production and Preservation of Ultrapure Water 28Chapter 4Effects of Composition on Industrial Use 38Chapter 5Treatment of Process Water and Waste Water 46Chapter 6Technology of Industrial Water Reuse 84Chapter 7Self-Purification and Other Natural Quality RecoveryMechanisms 97Chapter 8Thermal Loading of Water Supplies 107Chapter 9Sampling and Flow Measurement of Water 118Chapter 10Water Quality Monitoring 145Chapter 11 Analysis of Water and Waste Water 177Chapter 12Sensory Examination of Water 254Chapter 13Sampling and Identification of Deposits in Steam andWater Systems 276Chapter 14Chemical Analysis of Deposits 307Chapter 15Sediment in Streams and Other Water Bodies 319Chapter 16Radioactive Nuclides in Water 327Chapter 17Nuclear Water Technology 352Chapter 18Practices for Measurement of Radioactivity 387AppendixReference Tables and Curves 443Index 459This page intentionally left blank IntroductionThis manual is intended as brief reference source of information on water.It will not replace an adequate library on the subject,but it does providebasic information for routine use and cites references to the technicalliterature,thus serving as a point of departure for more specific and detailedstudies.For executives and administrators,it offers information on the influenceof water on industries in which it is used as a raw material or in conjunctionwith manufacturing operations.The influence of water on various industriesranges from that in the paper industry,where large volumes of water of goodquality are used,to industries where only incidental quantities and qualitiesof water are needed.The manual should serve as a guide to the nature ofwater planning required at the executive and investment levels of manage-ment.At no level,however,can the quantity and quality of available waterbe disregarded as it relates to the requirements