MANUALONWATER(FourthEdition)SponsoredbyCommitteeD-19onWaterAMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALSASTMSPECIALTECHNICALPUBLICATION442AC.E.HamiltonDowChemicalCompanyeditorListprice$28.5004-442010-16AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS1916RaceStreet,Philadelphia,Pa.19103ThispageintentionallyleftblankEditoralStaffJaneB.Wheeler,ManagingEditorHelenM.Hoersch,AssociateEditorEllenJ.McGlinchey,SeniorAssistantEditorSheHaG.Pulver,AssistantEditorCopyright©BYAMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS1978LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:78-51579NOTETheSocietyisnotresponsible,asabody,forthestatementsandopinionsadvancedinthispublication.PrintedinTallahassee.Fla.July1978ForewordASTMCommitteeD-19onWaterhadlongbelievedthatsomethingmorethanstandardmethodsoftestingareneededbythosewholooktotheSocietyforaidandtechnicalguidance.Itwasfeltthatgeneraldiscussionsofthenatureandusesofwatershouldilluminatetheseprescribedproceduresandspecifications.Hence,theASTMManualonWater.Preparationofthefirsteditionofthemanualwasbegunin1946.ThefirstmanualtaskgroupconsistedofR.C.Adams,chairmanandeditor,A.A.Berk,T.H.Daugherty,O.M.Elliot,J.A.Holmes,'C.E.Imhoff,1A.K.Light,F.U.Neat,1F.R.Owens,andA.H.Reynolds.1EachmemberdraftedanassignedportionofthemanualwiththeassistancefromhisassociatesandothermembersofCommitteeD-19.Thesedraftsweremodified,critiqued,correlated,andassembledbytheentiretaskgroupsothattheresultingmanualwasagroupproductratherthanacompilationofindividualauthorships.Manypersonsnotinthetaskgroupalsocontributedtothefirstedition.ParticularacknowledgmentshouldbemadefortheindividualcontributionsofMaxHecht,1L.K.Herndon,E.O.Patridge,1andC.K.Rice.ThesecondeditiontaskgroupconsistedofR.D.Hoak,1chairmanandeditor,F.N.Alquist,1R.A.Baker,G.D.Beal,F.E.Clarke,E.F.Davidson,B.W.Dickerson,D.K.French,1A.S.Goldin,J.E.Kinney,W.W.Leathen,S.K.Love,W.A.Moore,F.R.Owens,J.K.Rice,C.C.Ruchhoft,1R.K.Scott,1J.M.Seamon,J.B.Smith,F.N.Speller,1andR.F.Weston.SubstantialcontributionswerealsomadebyC.K.Rice,D-19StandardsAdvisor.Thethirdeditio...