_STP_567-1982.pdf

EROSION,WEAR,AND INTERFACES WITH CORROSION A symposium presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Philadelphia,Pa.24-29 June 1973 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 567 A.Thiruvengadam,symposium chairman 04-567000-29 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103?9 BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1974 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:74-83948 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Philadelphia,Pa.December 1974 Second Printing,Baltimore,Md.May 1982 Foreword The symposium on Erosion,Wear,and Interfaces with Corrosion was presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia,Pa.,24-29 June 1973.Committee G-2 on Erosion and Wear sponsored the symposium.A.Thiruvengadam,The Catholic University of America,presided as symposium chairman.Related ASTM Publications Evaluation of Wear Testing,STP 446(1969)(04-446000-23)Characterization and Determination of Erosion Resistance,STP 474(1970)(04-474000-29)Localized Corroslon-Cause of Metal Failure,STP 516(1972)(04-516000-27)Contents Introduction 1 Corrosion,Wear,and Erosion-An Ancient Art and a Modem Science-D.H.KALLAS 5 Historical Review 7 State of the Art:Corrosion Interface with Erosion and Wear 9 Future Research and Development 12 Impact on Quality of Life 13 Erosion-Corrosion of Finned Heat Exchanger Tubes m a.M.A.VAN DER HORST AND C.R.SLOAN 18 Temperature 24 Corrosion 26 Gas Velocity 27 Synergism of Velocity and Corrosion 28 Conclusion 28 Cavitation Erosion-Corrosion Modeling-TERENCE MCGUINNESS AND A.THIRUVENGADAM 30 Experimental Apparatus and Procedures 34 Results and Discussions 38 A Mechanism Which Explains a Few Observations Peculiar to Corrosive Environments 45 Conclusions 48 Discussion 51 Applied Cavitation Erosion Testing-J.W.TICHLER,A.W.J.DE GEE,AND H.C.VAN ELST 56 Resistance Against Uniform Material Removal 58 Discussion 61 Pit Formation 67 Conclusions 70 Nomenclature for Appendix 71 Dependence of R,on Material Properties 72 Discussion 75 Cavitation-Induced Deformation of Aluminum-B.VYAS AND C.M.PREECE 77 Experimental Procedure 78 Results 79 Discussion 94 Conclusions 99 Discussion 102 A Model for Rain Erosion of Homogeneous Materials w G.S.SPRINGER AND C.B.BAXI 106 The Problem 107 Incubation Period,n I10 Rate of Mass Removal,o 115 Total Mass Loss 118 Discussion 125 Influence of Physical Properties of the Liquid on the Erosion of Solids-M.C.ROCHESTER AND J.H.BRUNTON 128 Experimental Techniques 129 Results and Discussion 134 Impact Pressure Experiments 140 Conclusion 146 Discussion 148 Effects of Cavitation on Materials in Field and Laboratory Con-ditions-KAZIMIERZ STELLER,TADEUSZ KRZYSZTOFOWICZ,AND ZDZISLAW REYMANN 152 Investigations and Test Rigs 153 Geometric Structure of Surface Damage 154 Damage Rate 159 Metallographic Examination 159 Microhardness 168 Conclusions 168 Studies on Cavitation Damages-F.ERDMANN-JESNITZER H.LOUIS Test Equipment Measurements of Cavitation Erosion Materials and Test Procedure Results Conclusions Discussion AND 171 172 175 178 180 193 196 vi Liquid Impact Behavior of Various Nonmetallic Materials-F.6.HAMMITT,E.E.TIMM,J.B.HWANG,AND Y.C.HUANG 197 Experimental Results Obtained 199 Conclusions 217 Discussion 218 Influence of Velocity,Impingement Angle,Heating,and Aerody-namic Shock Layers on Erosion of Materials at Velocities of 5.500 ft/s(1700 m/s)-.F.SCHMITT,.JR,W,G,REINECKE,AND G.D,WALDMAN 219 Erosion Rate-Velocity Impingement Angle Dependence 219 Influence of Materials Construction Variables 224 Shock Layer Effects on Droplets and Their Resulting Influence on Materials Erosion 225 Drop Breakup 225 Drop Deceleration and Deflection 228 Water Layer 232 Drop Deformation 232 Combined Deformation and Breakup 235 Effects of Fatigue and Dynamic Recovery on Rain Erosion-A.F.CONN AND S.L.RUDY 239 Dynamic Property Measurements 241 Correlation of Impact Stress Predictions with Rocket Sled Erosion Data 241 Multiple Impact Observations 245 Dynamic Recovery Rate 255 Discussion 256 Conclusions 258 Discussion 261 Wear Characteristics of Modified Plasma-Deposited Aluminum Bronze-R.C.TUCKER,JR.270 Experimental Procedure 271 Materials 272 Wear Test Results 278 Miscellaneous Additions 292 Friction Data 292 Conclusions 292 vii Erosion of Fused Silica by Glass Beads-w.F.ADLER Experimental Procedure Erosion Mechanisms in Fused Silica Discussion Conclusions Discussion 294 295 299 310 313 315 A New Method for Testing Brake Lining Materials u A.BEGEL-INGER AND A.W,J,DE GEE 316 Method 318 Materials 322 Experimental Procedure 322 Results 323 Summary and Conclusions 331 Calculation of Rate of Heating Up of Lining Specimens 333 Discussion 335 viii STP567-EB/Dec.1974 Introduction This symposium was the fourth on the subject of erosion to be sponsored by ASTM,the first three having been held in 1961,1966,and 1969,respectiv